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Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Skeletal Muscle Wasting – Implications for Sarcopenia

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Sarcopenia – Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness

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Abstract

Frailty in the elderly is largely caused by loss of muscle mass and strength, increased susceptibility to injury, and impaired recovery following ­damage, particularly contraction-induced damage. The mechanisms responsible for the age-related loss of muscle mass and function are unclear although ­modified generation of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) have been ­implicated in age-related tissue dysfunction. Many studies have provided evidence for the pivotal role of ROS in signal transduction and recognized these molecules as second messengers. Aberrant generation of RONS in the mitochondria and cytosol of cells and tissues of old mammals leads to an altered activation of crucial redox-responsive transcription factors at rest, following acute stress or during the regenerative process. Data suggest that targeted interventions to suppress altered mitochondrial ROS generation in muscle of old individuals are necessary to restore the signal for adaptive responses to contractions. Interventions based on antioxidant supplementation will suppress ROS signals in both mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments and hence be ineffective at prevention of age-related loss of muscle mass and function.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, The Medical Research Council, The Wellcome Trust, Research into Ageing, The United States National Institutes on Aging (PO1, AG20591) and The Dowager Countess Eleanor Peel Trust for financial support and current and past collaborators.

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    Anne McArdle & Malcolm J. Jackson

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  2. Malcolm J. Jackson
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Correspondence to Anne McArdle .

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  1. , Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3100, Victoria, Australia

    Gordon S. Lynch

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© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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McArdle, A., Jackson, M.J. (2011). Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Skeletal Muscle Wasting – Implications for Sarcopenia. In: Lynch, G. (eds) Sarcopenia – Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9713-2_14

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