SpringerLink
Log in

Cytogenetic Studies in Indian Drimia Jacq. (Urgineoideae: Hyacinthaceae)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Chromosome Structure and Aberrations

Abstract

Drimia (Urgineoideae: Hyacinthaceae) is a group of geophytes that bear tunicated bulbs. It is represented by more than 100 species distributed in Southern Europe, Africa and Asia. In India, Drimia has nine species (Drimia indica, D. coromandeliana, D. govindappae, D. nagarjunae, D. polyantha, D. polyphylla, D. raogibikei, D. razii and D. wightii). Species of the genus fall in two groups, namely, synanthous and hysteranthous. In the former, the leaves and flower appear simultaneously, while the latter group shows two distinct phases wherein the vegetative (leaf-bearing) and reproductive (flowering-bearing) periods are separated in time. Similarly, based on anthesis, species can be segregated into two groups, viz. night-blooming and day-blooming species. This is actually a temporal isolation that prevents gene flow amongst species. Of the nine species in India, Drimia polyphylla which is known to occur in the Deccan Peninsula has never been collected since its type collection. Drimia nagarjunae, the most robust Indian species, is probably closely related to the African D. maritima. Drimia species are well known for their large-sized chromosomes with usually subterminal constrictions. Seven species have been cytogenetically examined so far. Cytogenetical studies reveal the presence of many cytotypes at the population level. The most common diploid chromosome number for Indian Drimia is 2n = 20. The species exhibiting 2n = 20 are Drimia indica, D. govindappae, D. nagarjunae, D. polyantha, D. razii and D. wightii. In addition, diploid numbers (2n) of 30 (Drimia indica), 40 (D. coromandeliana, D. indica and D. species) and 60 (D. indica) are also on record. Geographical distribution of Drimia species and their cytotypes is well correlated. For instance, populations of Drimia species on higher altitudes where edapho-climatic conditions are harsh show presence of B chromosomes. Crossability studies in Indian Drimia show that D. nagarjunae and D. wightii are reproductively isolated from the rest of the species, while other species show varying degree of crossability indicating their genetic proximity.

In the present communication, we discuss morphology, cytogenetics, crossability behaviour and flowering phenology of Indian Drimia species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ansari MY, Sundararaghavan R (1980) Nomenclature of some bulbous liliaceae of India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 77:172–174

    Google Scholar 

  • APG III (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot J Linn Soc 161:105–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayyangar KR (1966) On the occurrence of B chromosomes in Urginea indica Kunth. Proc 53rd Indian Sci Congr Part 3:273‒274

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayyangar KR, Sampathkumar R (1968) A note on the artificial induction of polyploidy in Urginea indica Kunth. Proc 55th Indian Sci Congr Part 3:376

    Google Scholar 

  • Boraiah A, Fathima T (1972) Cytotaxonomy of a new species of Urginea. Proc 59th Indian Sci Congr Part 3:359‒360

    Google Scholar 

  • Boraiah G, Khaleel TF 1970(1972) Cytotaxonomy of Urginea govindappae sp. nov. Bull Bot Surv India 12:128–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Bougourd SM, Jones RN (1997) B chromosomes: a physiological enigma. New Phytol 137(1):43–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruyns PV, Vosa CG (1987) Taxonomic and cytological notes on Bowiea Hook. f. and allied genera (Liliaceae). Caryologia 40:287–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buerki S, Jose S, Yadav SR, Goldblatt P, Manning JC, Forest F (2012) Contrasting biogeographic and diversification patterns in two Mediterranean-type ecosystems. PLoSONE 7(6):e39377. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camacho JPM (2005) B chromosomes. In: Gregory TR (ed) The evolution of the genome. Elsevier, San Diego, pp 223–228

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Capoor SP (1937) Contribution to the morphology of some Indian Liliaceae. II. The gametophytes of Urginea indica Kunth. Beih Bot Centralbl 56(Abt.A):156–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Chase MW, Reveal JL, Fay MF (2009) A subfamilial classification for the expanded Asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. Bot J Linn Soc 161:132–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cobon AM, Murray BG (1983) Unstable B chromosomes in Silene maritima with. (Caryophyllaceae). Bot J Linn Soc 87(3):273–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dafni A, Cohen D, Noy-Meir I (1981) Life-cycle variation in geophytes. Ann Mo Bot Gard 68:652–660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darlington CD, Wylie AP (1955) Chromosome atlas of flowering plants. George Allen & Unwin, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Deb DB, Dasgupta S (1987) On the identity of three new species of Urginea (Liliaceae). J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 84:409–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixit GB, Yadav SR (1989) Cytotaxonomical and genetical studies in Urginea Steinh. species from India. Cytologia 54:715–721

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt P (1980) Polyploidy in angiosperms: monocotyledons. In: Lewis WH (ed) Polyploidy: biological relevance. Plenum Press, New York, pp 219–239

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt P, Manning JC, Forest F (2012) A review of chromosome cytology in Hyacinthaceae subfamilies Urgineoideae and Hyacinthoideae (tribes Hyacintheae, Massonieae, Pseudoprospereae) in Sub-Saharan Africa. S Afr J Bot 83:134–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gotoh K (1924) U¨ ber die Chromosomenzahl von Secale cereale L. Bot Mag Tokyo 38:135–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant V (1971) Plant Speciation. Columbia University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant V (1981) Plant speciation, 2nd edn. Columbia University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerra M (2000) Chromosome number variation and evolution in monocots. In: Wilson KL, Morrison DA (eds) Monocots: systematics and evolution. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp 127–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemadri K (2006) Medicinal Flora of Pragati resorts and surrounding (Ranga Reddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India). Pragati Green Meadows and Resorts Ltd, Hyderabad, pp 385–388

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemadri K, Swahari S (1982) Urginea nagarjunae Hemadri et Swahari a new species of Liliaceae from India. Anc Sci Life 2:105–110

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Holtum RE (1955) Growth-habits of monocotyledons, variations on a theme. Phytomorphology 5:399–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Houben A, Banaei-Moghaddam AM, Klemme S, Timmis JN (2013) Evolution and biology of supernumerary B chromosomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 71:467–478

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jehan T, Vashishtha A, Yadav SR, Lakhanpaul S (2014) Genetic diversity and genetic relationships in Hyacinthaceae in India using RAPD and SRAP markers. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 20(1):103–114

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jha S (1989) Karyology of callus induction in inflorescence and bulb scale explant of diploid Indian squill. Proc Indian Sci Congr Assoc 76(3–VI):207

    Google Scholar 

  • Jha S, Sen S (1981) Bufadienolides in different chromosomal races of Indian squill. Photochemistry 20(3):524–526

    Google Scholar 

  • Jha S, Sen S (1983a) Quantification of principle Bufadienolides in different cytotypes of Urginea indica. Planta Med 47:43–45

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jha S, Sen S (1983b) Chromosome study of diploid Indian squill, Urginea indica Kunth. Cytologia 48:79–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson MAT, Kenton AY, Bennett MD, Brandham PE (1989) Voanioala gerardii has the highest known chromosome number in the monocotyledons. Genome 32:328–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones RN (1995) B chromosomes in plants. New Phytol 131:411–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones RN, Houben A (2003) B chromosomes in plants: escapees from the A chromosome genome? Trends in Plant Sci 8:417–423

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones K, Smith JB (1967) The chromosomes of the Liliaceace: I. The karyotypes of twenty-five tropical species. Kew Bull 21:31–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones RN, Viegas W, Houben A (2007) A century of B chromosomes in plants: so what? Ann Bot 101:767–775

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi CP, Ranjekar PK (1982) Visualization and distribution of heterochromatin in interphase nuclei of several plant species as revealed by a new Giemsa banding technique. Cytologia 47:471–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kambale S, Ansari MY (1976) A note on the somatic chromosomes of Urginea polyantha Blatt. Bull Bot Surv India 18:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Kishore H (1951) A note on the chromosome numbers of some plants. Indian J Genet Plant Breed 11:217

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A (1984) A new combination in Drimia Jacq. ex Wild. (Liliaceae). J Econ Taxon Bot 5(4):962

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuwada Y (1925) On the number of chromosomes in maize. Bot Mag Tokyo 39:227–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavania S, Lavania UC (2007) In: Chauhan SVS et al (eds) Plant reproduction biology and biotechnology. Avishkar publishers, distributors, Jaipur, pp 126–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Lekhak MM, Adsul AA, Yadav SR (2014) Cytotaxonomical studies on Drimia nagarjunae and a review on the taxonomy of Indian species of Drimia. Nucleus 57(2):99–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin DA (1971) The origin of reproductive isolating mechanisms in flowering plants. Taxon 20:91–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin DA, Palestis BG, Jones RN, Trivers R (2005) Phyletic hot spots for B chromosomes in angiosperms. Evolution 59:962–969

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longley AE (1927) Supernumerary chromosomes in Zea mays. J Agric Res 35:769–784

    Google Scholar 

  • Manning JC, Goldblatt P, Fay MF (2004) A revised generic synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in subSaharan Africa, based on molecular evidence, including new combinations and the new tribe Pseudoprospereae. Edinb J Bot 60(3):533–568

    Google Scholar 

  • Manning JC, Forest F, Devey DS, Fay MF, Goldblatt P (2009) A molecular phylogeny and a revised classification of Ornithogaloideae (Hyacinthaceae) based on an analysis of four placid DNA regions. Taxon 58:77–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehra PN, Malik CP (1961) Cytology of Indian medicinal plants. III. Some Liliaceous drugs. Proc 48th Indian Sci Congr Part 3:293‒294

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehra PN, Pandita TK (1979) In IOPB chromosome number reports LXIV. Taxon 28:405

    Google Scholar 

  • Miege J (1960) Nombreschromosimiques de plantesd’Afrique Occidentale. Rev Cytol Biol Veg 21:373–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Moorthy VD, Sampathkumar R (1968) Chromosomal variability in the Indian squill (Urginea indica Kunth). Curr Sci 21(5):620–621

    Google Scholar 

  • Naik VN (1976) Cytotaxonomic studies in two species of Urginea Steinh. From India. J Indian Bot Soc 55:60–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Nath S, Jha TB, Mallick SK, Jha S (2014) Karyological relationships in Indian species of Drimia based on fluorescent chromosome banding and nuclear DNA amount. Protoplasma 252(1):283–299

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oyewole SO, Mustapha OT (2000) Cytotaxonomy of the genus Urginea Stein. V. Taxonomic treatment of Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth complex. Biosci Res Commun 12(3):259–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Patil MM, Torne SG (1982) Different cytotypes of U. indica Kunth. Proc Indian Sci Congr Assoc 69(3–VI):233

    Google Scholar 

  • Patil BR, Yadav SR (1992–1993) Studies in the genus Urginea Steinh. (Liliaceae). I Phenology and Palynology. J Shivaji Univ (Science) 29:69‒78

    Google Scholar 

  • Raghavan TS (1935a) Observations on somatic chromosomes of Urginea indica Kunth. J Indian Bot Soc 14:151–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Raghavan TS (1935b) Observations on somatic chromosomes of Urginea indica Kunth. Proc 22nd Indian Sci Congr 3:268‒269

    Google Scholar 

  • Raghavan TS, Venkatasubban KR (1940) Studies in the Indian Scilleae III. The cytology of diploid Urginea indica Kunth. Cytologia 11:55–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Randolph LF (1928) Types of supernumerary chromosomes in maize. Anat Rec 41:102

    Google Scholar 

  • Raunkiaer C (1934) The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Clarendon Press, Oxford, p 631

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven PH (1975) The basis of angiosperms phylogeny: cytology. Ann Mo Bot Gard 62:724–764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberto C (2005) Low chromosome number angiosperms. Caryologia 58(4):403–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roxburgh W (1832) Flora Indica; or descriptions of Indian Plants. Thacker & Co., Serampore, Calcutta and Allen & Co., Parbury, London 2:147 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Sapre AB, Deshpande DS (1987) Origin of B chromosomes in Coix L. through spontaneous interspecific hybridization. J Hered 78:191–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen S (1973) Polysomaty and its significance in Liliales. Cytologia 38:737–751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen S (1974) Nature and behaviour of B chromosomes in Allium stracheyi Baker and Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth. Cytologia 39:245–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen S, Mukherjee S (1976) Analysis of chromosomes and chemical constituents of Urginea indica and Scilla indica. Res Bull Univ Calcutta Cytogenet Lab 3:58

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma AK (1956) A new concept of a means of speciation in plants. Caryologia 9:93–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma AK (1964) Cytology as an aid in taxonomy. Bull Bot Soc Bengal 18:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma AK (1984) Chromosome evolution in the monocotyledons- an overview. In: Sharma A, Sharma AK (eds) Chromosomes in evolution of eukaryotic groups, vol II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 169–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma CBSR, Dash SK (1977) Cytopolymorphism in Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth. Proc 46th Indian Sci Congr 3:158

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheriff A, Rao UG (1981) Cytogeographical studies on Scilla indica in India-triploids. Cytologia 46:69–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shivanna KR (2003) Pollen biology and biotechnology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, p 104

    Google Scholar 

  • Soltis DE, Soltis PS (1990) Isozyme evidence for ancient polyploidy in primitive angiosperms. Syst Bot 15:328–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Speta F (1998) Hyacinthaceae. In: Kubitzki K (ed) The families and genera of vascular plants, vol 3. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp 261–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Stace CA (1989) Plant taxonomy and biosystematics, 2nd edn. Edward Arnold, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Stearn WT (1978) Mediterranean and Indian species of Drimia, (Liliaceae) a nomenclatural survey with special reference to the medicinal squill D. maritima (syn. Urginea maritima). Ann Mus Goulandris 4:199–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins GL (1971) Chromosomal evolution in higher plants. Edward Arnold, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian D (1973) Meiotic studies in Urginea indica Kunth with special reference to the formation of pollen grains. Proc 63rd Indian Sci Congr Part 3:323

    Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian D (1976) Karyomorphological analyses of the different cytotypes in Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth. Proc 63rd Indian Sci Congr Part 3:124

    Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian D (1978) Cyto-genetical studies in Urginea indica (Roxb) Kunth. J Indian Bot Soc 57:211–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian D (1980) Cytomorphological studies in Urginea indica (Roxb) Kunth. J Indian Bot Soc 3rd All India Botanical Conference 59(Suppl):103‒104

    Google Scholar 

  • The Plant List (2013) Version 1.1.http://www.theplantlist.org. Accessed 01 Jan 2015

  • Trivers R, Burt A, Palestis BG (2004) B chromsomes and genome size in flowering plants. Genome 47:1–8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vanzela ALL, Guerra M, Luceño M (1996) Rhynchospora tenuis link (Cyperaceae), a species with the lowest number of holocentric chromosomes (n = 2). Cytobios 88:213–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson EB (1907a) The supernumerary chromosomes of Hemiptera. Science 26:870–871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson EB (1907b) Note on the chromosome groups of Metapodius and Banas. Biol Bull XII:303–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav SR, Dixit GB (1990) Cytotaxonomical studies in Indian Squill Steinhill species. Cytologia 55:293–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav BR, Lekhak, MM, Yadav SR (in press) Typifications in Drimia with notes on the identity of D. wightii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae). Phytotaxa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaman MA, Khaleque Y (1978) The cytology of Urginea indica Kunth from Bangladesh. Caryologia 31:135–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, 416004, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India

    M. M. Lekhak, P. B. Yadav & S. R. Yadav

Authors
  1. M. M. Lekhak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. B. Yadav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. R. Yadav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. M. Lekhak .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Education, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, India

    Tariq Ahmad Bhat

  2. Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Aijaz Ahmad Wani

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer India

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lekhak, M.M., Yadav, P.B., Yadav, S.R. (2017). Cytogenetic Studies in Indian Drimia Jacq. (Urgineoideae: Hyacinthaceae). In: Bhat, T., Wani, A. (eds) Chromosome Structure and Aberrations. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3673-3_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation