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Rumen Fungi

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Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution

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Abstract

Rumen fungi inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants have been stepwise renamed into “gut fungi” after the discovery of their occurrence in intestines/hindgut of large herbivores. These only anaerobic fungi are phylogenetically unique and comprise a separate clade, the Neocallimastigomycetes, among the basal fungi. Six genera have been described, namely, the monocentric Neocallimastix, Caecomyces and Piromyces and the polycentric Anaeromyces, Orpinomyces and Cyllamyces. Recent research indicates, however, the existence of several new taxa in ruminant and nonruminant animals. The major traits of the gut fungi are both singular and exceptional. Physiologically, the gut fungi are the only representatives of Fungi obligately anaerobic and possess, therefore, hydrogenosomes instead of mitochondria. Genetically, gut fungi represent organisms with the lowest genome G+C content in the entirety of life. Enzymologically, gut fungi produce a broad range of excellent hydrolases, some of which are organized in cellulosomes, the enzyme factories otherwise known only in some bacteria, and include the most active (hemi) cellulases. This chapter brings the insight into the recent state of knowledge on anaerobic fungi with special attention to their diversity, new taxa proposition, the effect of diet and host phylogeny on anaerobic fungal community and the composition of their lignocellulolytic machinery.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic

    Katerina Fliegerova

  2. National Reference Centre for Invasive Mycoses, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Adolf Reichwein Str. 23, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Kerstin Kaerger

  3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK

    Paul Kirk

  4. Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Adolf Reichwein Str. 23, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Kerstin Voigt

  5. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany

    Kerstin Voigt

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  1. Katerina Fliegerova
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  2. Kerstin Kaerger
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  3. Paul Kirk
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  4. Kerstin Voigt
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Correspondence to Katerina Fliegerova .

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  1. College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Anil Kumar Puniya

  2. Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Rameshwar Singh

  3. Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Devki Nandan Kamra

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Fliegerova, K., Kaerger, K., Kirk, P., Voigt, K. (2015). Rumen Fungi. In: Puniya, A., Singh, R., Kamra, D. (eds) Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_7

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