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How Does AI Function?: AI Techniques

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The Triumph of Artificial Intelligence

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Abstract

The focus of the book is not on the techniques of AI. Nevertheless, they are described in such detail—hopefully also in a way that is reasonably comprehensible to the technically inexperienced reader—that one not only gets an inkling of the complexity of the subject matter, but above all that non-specialist managers become capable of arguing with the AI experts.

Technology may not save us time, but it distributes it differently. Helmar Nahr

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Evegeny Morozov, op. cit. p. 233.

  2. 2.

    Ralf Otte, op. cit., p. 283.

  3. 3.

    See ibid.

  4. 4.

    Alexander Armbruster, op. cit. p. 68.

  5. 5.

    Andreas Syska/Philippe Lievre, Illusion 4.0, Germany’s naive dream of the smart factory, 2016, p. 66.

  6. 6.

    Holger Volland, Die kreative Macht der Maschinen, Warum Künstliche Intelligenzen bestimmen, was wir morgen fühlen und denken, 1st ed.

  7. 7.

    Mike Müller/Dennis Freese, Genetic Algorithms in: Project for Algorithmic Applications, Cologne, p. 4.

  8. 8.

    Gernot Brauer, op. cit. p. 85.

  9. 9.

    Cf. Ralf Otte, op. cit. p. 279.

  10. 10.

    Katharina Zweig, op. cit. p. 25.

  11. 11.

    Pedro Domingos, The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World, New York, 2015.

  12. 12.

    See inter alia Gerd Harbeck, Einführung in die formale Logik, 2nd Amended Edition, Braunschweig, 1966, p. 15 ff; Andreas Dengel/Ansgar Bemardi/Ludger van Elst, Wissenspräsentation in: Andreas Dengel, (ed.), Semantic Technologies, Foundations - Concepts - Applications, Heidelberg, 2012, p. 25 ff; Fabrizio Riguzzi, Foundations of probabilistic logic programming, Languages, Semantics, Inference and Learning, Gistrup, 2018, p. 4 ff; Ralf Otte, op. cit. p. 121 ff; Günther Görz/Josef Schneeberger/Ute Schmid, op. cit. p. 142.

  13. 13.

    See, among others, Peter Gentsch, Artificial Intelligence for Sales, Marketing and Service, Wiesbaden, 2018, p. 33; Thomas Range, op. cit. p. 34; Uwe Lämmel/Jürgen Cleve, op. cit. p. 69.

  14. 14.

    Klaus Mainzer, op. cit., p. 42.

  15. 15.

    See Andreas Dengel, op. cit., p. 31 ff.; Wolfgang Ertel, Grundkurs Künstliche Intelligenz, Eine praxisorientierte Einführung, 4th ed.

  16. 16.

    See Andreas Dengel, op. cit. p. 56.

  17. 17.

    See Andreas Dengel, op. cit., p. 41 ff; Manuela Lenzen, op. cit., p. 46.

  18. 18.

    Lotfi A. Zadeh, “Principle of Incompatibility”, 1973; Quoted from Hans Jürgen Zimmermann, Prinzipien der Fuzzy Logic, in: Spectrum.de from March 1, 1993.

  19. 19.

    Katharina Zweig, op. cit. p. 125.

  20. 20.

    See Pedro Domingos, A few useful things to know about machine learning in: Communications of the ACM. 55 (10), pp. 78–87.

  21. 21.

    Katharina Zweig, op. cit. p. 229.

  22. 22.

    See Thomas Ramge, op. cit. p. 17.

  23. 23.

    See Thomas Ramge, op. cit. p. 251.

  24. 24.

    Thomas Ramge, op. cit. p. 257.

  25. 25.

    Alexander Armbruster, op. cit. p. 85.

  26. 26.

    See Peter Gentsch, op. cit. p. 39; Andreas Wagener, op. cit. p. 55.

  27. 27.

    Ralf Otte, op. cit. p. 213; Alexander Armbruster, op. cit. p. 60 f.

  28. 28.

    See Thomas Ramge, op. cit. p. 46.

  29. 29.

    Sepp Hochreiter, Jürgen Schmidhuber: Long short-term memory In: Neural Computation (journal), vol. 9, issue 8, pp. 1735–1780.

  30. 30.

    See Alexander Armbruster, op. cit. p. 131 ff; Ralf Otte, op. cit. p. 240.

  31. 31.

    See Peter Gentsch, op. cit. p. 37.

  32. 32.

    See Andrea Wagener, op. cit. p. 58.

  33. 33.

    See Ulrich Eberl, op. cit. p. 102.

  34. 34.

    See Andreas Armbruster, op. cit. p. 60.

  35. 35.

    See Stefan Gröner/Stephanie Heinecke, op. cit. p. 136.

  36. 36.

    See Katharina Zweig, op. cit. p. 84; Andreas Wagener, op. cit. p. 176.

  37. 37.

    Gernot Brauer, op. cit. p. 34.

  38. 38.

    See Walter Simon, op. cit. p. 82.

  39. 39.

    See Peter Gentsch, op. cit. p. 1; Walter Simon, op. cit. p. 86.

  40. 40.

    See Peter Gensch, op. cit., p. 43 ff; Katharina Zweig, op. cit., p. 85; Gernot Brauer, op. cit., p. 33; Manuela Lenzen, op. cit., p. 43.

    Andreas Wagener, op. cit., p. 39.

  41. 41.

    See Kenneth Cukier, p. 46 f.

  42. 42.

    Ibid, p. 131.

  43. 43.

    Manuela Lenzen, op. cit., p. 76.

  44. 44.

    See Viktor Mayer-Schönberger/Kenneth Cukier, op. cit. p. 129.

  45. 45.

    Ralf Otte, op. cit., p. 327.

  46. 46.

    See Katharina Zweig, op. cit. p. 85.

  47. 47.

    See Peter Gensch, op. cit. p. 75.

  48. 48.

    See Andreas Wagener, op. cit. p. 240.

  49. 49.

    See Walter Simon, op. cit. p. 85.

  50. 50.

    Andreas Wagener, op. cit. p. 257.

  51. 51.

    See Wu Youyou, Michal Kosinski, and David Stillwell, Computer-based personality judgments are more accurate than those made by humans, 2015.

  52. 52.

    See Andreas Wagener, op. cit. p. 234.

  53. 53.

    See Viktor Mayer-Schönberger/Kenneth Cukier, op. cit. p. 143.

  54. 54.

    See Andrea Cornelius, op. cit., p. 24; Zukunftsinstitut, 2019, p. 113.

  55. 55.

    Dpa on October 24, 2019.

  56. 56.

    See Lawrence M. Kraus, What Should I Worry About, in John Brockmann, op. cit. p. 216.

  57. 57.

    See Peter Gensch, op. cit. p. 99.

  58. 58.

    See Andrea Cornelius, op. cit. p. 68.

  59. 59.

    See Jerry Kaplan, op. cit. p. 67; Klaus Mainzer, op. cit. p. 141 ff.

  60. 60.

    Dirk Spreen, Der optimierte Mensch, in: Kultur und Technik, 4/2014, p. 27.

  61. 61.

    Dirk Spreen, Cyborgs und andere Technokörper, Ein Essay im Grenzbereich zwischen Bios und Techne, 2nd edition, Passau, 2000, p. 28.

  62. 62.

    See Evegeny Morozov, op. cit. p. 397.

  63. 63.

    See Nick Bostrum, op. cit. p. 74.

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    Günter Cisek

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Cisek, G. (2021). How Does AI Function?: AI Techniques. In: The Triumph of Artificial Intelligence. Springer, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34896-0_3

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