Zusammenfassung
Das intestinale Immunsystem beherbergt nicht nur ca. 50–70% aller lymphatischen Zellen des Gesamtorganismus und ist somit das größte lymphatische Organ im Körper, sondern verrichtet aufgrund seiner ständigen Exposition gegenüber der Umwelt eine komplizierte Doppelrolle. Einerseits hat es die Aufgabe, den Organismus an dieser epithelialen Grenzfläche zur Umwelt durch eine protektive Immunantwort gegenüber oral zugeführten pathogenen Bakterien, Viren und Parasiten zu schützen, und andererseits muß es Toleranz gegenüber Nahrungsmittelantigenen und der physiologischen Darmflora bewahren. Letztere stellt gewissermaßen ein „Organ“ dar, welches entscheidend an der Versorgung des Organismus mit essentiellen Nährstoffen beteiligt ist. Darüber hinaus schützt es den Organismus vor der Besiedlung mit pathogenen Keimen, z. B. durch Produktion antibiotischer Stoffe. Immunologisch gesehen ist dieses „Organ“ ein Xenotransplantat, denn es produziert eine reiche Vielfalt an xenogenen Nominal-und Superantigenen. Insbesondere letztere besitzen die Fähigkeit, aufgrund ihrer V-Gen-selektiven Eigenschaften erheblichen Selektionsdruck auf die Zusammensetzung des Antigenrezeporrepertoires von Darmlymphozyten auszuüben [6, 7, 24]. Die Gewährleistung einer sinnvollen Symbiose zwischen diesem „Organ“ und dem menschlichen Organismus erfordert daher eine äußerst kritische Balance zwischen immunkompetenz-und toleranzinduzierenden Mechanismen.
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Deusch, K. et al. (1991). T-Zell-Rezeptorrepertoire und Zytokinproduktion von humanen Darmlymphozyten. In: Seifert, J., Ottenjann, R., Zeitz, M., Bockemühl, J. (eds) Ökosystem Darm III. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77098-2_6
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