Abstract
The increasing prevalence of allergic disorders is currently a serious problem with public health. Understanding of the mechanisms underlying allergies (type I hypersensitivity or immediate reactions) will enable us to improve our treatment with allergic diseases. In this chapter, the features of type I hypersensitivity reactions and the major components involved as well as their potential roles in the induction and regulation of allergic responses are discussed. A half century ago, Gell and Coombs classified the hypersensitivity reactions into four types based on the immunologic mechanisms related to the symptoms in the organism (Gell and Coombs, 1963). Though this classification has many limitations since hypersensitive reactions always showed mixed pathological mechanisms, it is still widely accepted today. Here, we will present our insights on the basic mechanism of type I hypersensitivity reactions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alcorn, J.F., Crowe, C.R., Kolls, J.K. (2010). TH17 cells in asthma and COPD. Annu Rev Physiol, 72, 495–516.
Amu, S., Saunders, S.P., Kronenberg, M., Mangan, N.E., Atzberger, A., Fallon, P.G. (2010). Regulatory B-cells prevent and reverse allergic airway inflammation via FoxP3-positive T regulatory cells in a murine model. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 125(5), 1114–1124.
Chaplin, D.D. (2010). Overview of the immune response. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 125(2), S3–S23.
Cooke, R.A., van der Veer, A. (1916).Human sensitization. J Immunol, 1(3), 201–305.
Durrant, D.M., Metzger, D.W. (2010). Emerging roles of T helper subsets in the pathogenesis of asthma. Immunol Invest, 39(4–5), 526–549.
Gell, P.G.H., Coombs, R.R.A. (1963). The Classification of Allergic Reactions Underlying Disease. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
Gilfillan, A.M., Rivera, J. (2009). The tyrosine kinase network regulating mast cell activation. Immunol Rev, 228(1), 149–169.
Hogan, S.P., Rosenberg, H.F., Moqbel, R., Phipps, S., Foster, P.S., Lacy, P., Kay, A.B., Rothenberg, M.E. (2008). Eosinophils: Biological properties and role in health and disease. Clin Exp Allergy, 38(5), 709–750.
Jiz, M., Friedman, J.F., Leenstra, T., Jarilla, B., Pablo, A., Langdon, G., Pond-Tor, S., Wu, H.W., Manalo, D., Olveda, R., et al. (2009). Immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses to paramyosin predict resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma japonicum and are attenuated by IgG4. Infect Immun, 77(5), 2051–2058.
Lloyd, C.M., Hawrylowicz, C.M. (2009). Regulatory T-cells in asthma. Immunity, 31(3), 438–449.
MacGlashan, D. Jr. (2005). IgE and FcepsilonRI regulation. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 29(1), 49–60.
Metcalfe, D.D. (2008). Mast cells and mastocytosis. Blood, 112(4), 946–956.
Metcalfe, D.D., Peavy, R.D., Gilfillan, A.M. (2009). Mechanisms of mast cell signaling in anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 124(4), 639–646; quiz 647–638.
Mosmann, T.R., Cherwinski, H., Bond, M.W., Giedlin, M.A., Coffman, R.L. (1986). Two types of murine helper T-cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol, 136(7), 2348–2357.
Pali-Scholl, I., Jensen-Jarolim, E. (2009). Basic aspects of allergy and hypersensity reations. Allergy Frontiers: Classification and Pathome-chanisms, 2, 3–17.
Palomares, O., Yaman, G., Azkur, A.K., Akkoc, T., Akdis, M., Akdis, C.A. (2010). Role of Treg in immune regulation of allergic diseases. Eur J Immunol, 40(5), 1232–1240.
Paul W.E., Zhu, J. (2010). How are T(H)2-type immune responses initiated and amplified? Nat Rev Immunol, 10(4), 225–235.
Poulsen, L.K., Hummelshoj, L. (2007). Triggers of IgE class switching and allergy development. Ann Med, 39(6), 440–456.
Samitas, K., Lotvall, J., Bossios, A. (2010). B cells: From early development to regulating allergic diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz), 58(3), 209–225.
Schroede, J.T. (2009). Basophils beyond effector cells of allergic inflammation. Adv Immunol, 101, 123–161.
Siraganian, R.P., Zhang, J., Suzuki, K., Sada, K. (2002). Protein tyrosine kinase Syk in mast cell signaling. Mol Immunol, 38(16–18), 1229–1233.
Sokol, C.L., Medzhitov, R. (2010). Role of basophils in the initiation of Th2 responses. Curr Opin Immunol, 22(1), 73–77.
Stone, K.D., Prussin, C., Metcalfe, D.D. (2010). IgE, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 125(2 Suppl 2), S73–80.
Yao, W., Barbe-Tuana, F.M., Llapur. C.J., et al. (2010). Evaluation of airway reactivity and immune characteristics as risk factors for wheezing early in life. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 126(3), 483–488 e481.
Zhang, K. (2003). Accessibility control and machinery of immunoglobulin class switch recombination. J Leukoc Biol, 73(3), 323–332.
Zheng, S.G., Wang, J.H., Gray, J.D., Soucier, H., Horwitz, D.A. (2004). Natural and induced CD4+CD25+ cells educate CD4+CD25-cells to develop suppressive activity: The role of IL-2, TGF-beta, and IL-10. J Immunol, 172(9), 5213–5221.
Zhu, J., Paul, W.E. (2010). Heterogeneity and plasticity of T helper cells. Cell Res, 20(1), 4–12.
Zhu, J., Yamane, H., Paul, W.E. (2010). Differentiation of effector CD4+ T-cell populations. Annu Rev Immunol, 28, 445–489.
Ziegler, S.F., Artis, D. (2010). Sensing the outside world: TSLP regulates barrier immunity. Nat Immunol, 11(4), 289–293.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Zhejiang University Press, Hangzhou and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zhou, C. (2012). Mechanism of Type I Hypersensitivity. In: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Allergies. Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31609-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31609-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-31608-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-31609-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)