Mosquito Control

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Parasitology
  • 56 Accesses

Introduction

Mosquitoes (family Culicidae) are at the center of worldwide entomological research primarily because of their medical importance as vectors of dangerous diseases, such as malaria; yellow, dengue, West Nile, Zika, and chikungunya fever; Japanese encephalitis; or lymphatic filariasis. More than half of the world’s population lives under the risk of becoming infected by the causative agents of these diseases. Estimates made by the World Health Organization (WHO) show that 207 millions of people became ill in 2012 and more than 627,000 people died (WHO 2013). Although approximately three quarters of all mosquito species occur in the humid tropics and subtropics, mosquitoes are not just a problem of these regions. However, mosquitoes may also cause a considerable nuisance or occasionally can transmit pathogens to humans in temperate latitudes. Mosquito-borne diseases such as West Nile, chikungunya, or dengue fever remain also a significant burden in Europe, e.g., till...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Reference

  • Ali A (1981) Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (ABG-6108) against chironomids and some non-target aquatic invertebrates. J Invert Pathol 38:264–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumann PM, Clark A, Baumann L, Broadwell AH (1991) Bacillus sphaericus as a mosquito pathogen: properties of the organism and its toxins. Microbiol Revs 55:425–436

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker N (1992) Community participation in the operational use of microbial control agents in mosquito control programs. Bull Soc Vector Ecol 17(2):114–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker N (2003) Ice granules containing endotoxins of microbial control agents for the control of mosquito larvae-a new application technique. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 19:63–66

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Becker N, Margalit J (1993) Control of Dipteran pests by Bacillus thuringiensis. In: Bacillus thuringiensis: its uses and future as a biological insecticide. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Sussex

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker N, Djakaria S, Kaiser A, Zulhasril O, Ludwig HW (1991) Efficacy of a new tablet formulation of an asporogenous strain of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis against larvae of Aedes aegypti. Bull Soc Vector Ecol 16(1):176–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker N, Petrić D, Zgomba M, Boase C, Dahl C, Lane J, Kaiser A (2003) Mosquitoes and their control. Kluwer/Plenum, New York, p 498

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Becker N, Petrić D, Zgomba M, Boase C, Madon M, Dahl C, Kaiser A (2010) Mosquitoes and their control. Springer, Heidelberg/Dordrecht/London/New York, p 577

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bellini R (2005) Applicazione della tecnica del maschio sterile nella lotta ad Aedes albopictus. Tesi di Dottorato Entomologia Agraria, DiSTA-Università degli Studi di Bologna, p 82

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellini R, Calvitti M, Medici A, Carrieri M, Celli G, Maini S (2007) Use of the sterile insect technique against Aedes albopictus in Italy: first results of a pilot trial. Area-wide control of insect pests: from research to field implementation, pp 505–515

    Google Scholar 

  • Benedict MQ, Robinson AS (2003) The first releases of transgenic mosquitoes: an argument for the sterile insect technique. Trends Parasitol 19:349–355

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berry C, Hindley J, Oei C (1991) The Bacillus sphaericus toxins and their potential for biotechnological development. In: Maramorosch K (ed) Biotechnology for biological control of pests and vectors. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 35–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Broadwell AH, Baumann L, Baumann P (1990) Larvicidal properties of the 42 and 51 kilodalton Bacillus sphaericus proteins expressed in different bacterial hosts: evidence for a binary toxin. Curr Microbiol 21:361–366

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burrough P, McDonnell A, Rachael A (1998) Principles of geographical information systems. Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Colbo AH, Undeen AH (1980) Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on non-target insects in stream trials for control of Simuliidae. Mosq News 40:368–371

    Google Scholar 

  • Control Programme in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Malariol J 7:20

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson EW, Becker N (1996) Microbial control of vectors. In: Beaty BJ, Marquardt WC (eds) The biology of disease vectors. University Press of Colorado, pp 549–563

    Google Scholar 

  • ECDC (2013) Annual epidemiological report 2013. ECDC, Stockholm, p 239

    Google Scholar 

  • Eilenberg J, Hajek A, Lomer C (2001) Suggestions for unifying the terminology in biological control. BioControl 46:387–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans RG (1993) Laboratory evaluation of the irritancy of bendiocarb, lambda-cyhalotrin and DDT to Anopheles gambiae. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9:285–293

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fillinger U, Knols BGJ, Becker N (2003) Efficacy and efficiency of new Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus formulations against afrotropical anophelines in western Kenya. Trop Med Int Hlth 8(1):37–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia R, Des Rochers B, Tozer W (1981) Studies on Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against mosquito larvae and other organisms. Proc Calif Mosq Vector Control Assoc 49:25–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg LH, Margalit J (1977) A bacterial spore demonstrating rapid larvicidal activity against Anopheles sergenti, Uranotaenia unguiculata, Culex univittatus, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens. Mosq News 37:355–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Helinski MEH, Knols BGJ (2009) Sperm quantity and size variation in un-irradiated and irradiated males of the malaria mosquito Anopheles arabiensis Patton. Acta Tropica 109(1):64–69

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Helinski MEH, Parker AG, Knols BGJ (2006) Radiation-induced sterility for pupal and adult stages of the malaria mosquito Anopheles arabiensis. Malariol J 5(41)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertlein BC, Levy R, Miller TW Jr (1979) Recycling potential and selective retrieval of Bacillus sphaericus from soil in a mosquito habitat. J Invertebr Pathol 33:217–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kline DL (1993) Small plot Evaluation of a sustained release sand granule formulation of methoprene (San 810 I 1.3 GR) for control of Aedes taeniorhynchus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9(2):155–158

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kroeger A, Dehlinger U, Burkhardt G, Anaya H, Becker N (1995) Community based dengue control in Columbia: people’s knowledge and practice and the potential contribution of the biological larvicide B. thuringiensis israelensis (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis). Trop Med Parasitol 46:241–246

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lacey LA (1990) Persistence and formulation of Bacillus sphaericus. In: Barjac de H, Sutherland D (eds) Bacterial control of mosquitoes and blackflies: biochemistry, genetics and applications of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus. Rutgers Univ Press, New Brunswick, pp 284–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamborn RH (1890) Dragon flies vs. mosquitoes. Can the mosquito pest be mitigated? Studies in the life history of irritating insects, their natural enemies, and artificial checks by working entomologists. D Appleton Co, New York, p 202

    Google Scholar 

  • Legner EF (1995) Biological control of Dipetra of medical and veterinary importance. J Vector Ecol 20(1):59–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig M, Beck M, Zgomba M, Becker N (1994). The impact of water quality on the persistance of Bacillus sphaericus. Bull Soc Vector Ecol 19(1):43–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahilum MM, Ludwig M, Madon MB, Becker N (2005) Evaluation of the present dengue situation and control strategies against Aedes aegypti in Cebu City, Philippines. J Vector Ecol 30:277–283

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Margalit J, Dean D (1985) The story of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i.). J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1:1–7

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miura T, Takahashi RM, Mulligan FS (1980) Effects of the bacterial mosquito larvicide, Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14 on selected aquatic organisms. Mosq News 40:619–622

    Google Scholar 

  • Molloy D, Jamnback H (1981) Field evaluation on Bacillus thuringeinsis var. israelensis as a blackfly biocontrol agent and its effect on non target stream insects. J Econ Ent 74:314–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulla MS, Federici BA, Darwazeh HA (1982) Larvicidal efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14 against stagnant water mosquitoes and its effects on non target-organisms. Environ Ent 11:788–795

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulligan FS III, Schaefer CH, Wilder WH (1980) Efficacy and persistence of Bacillus sphaericus and B. thuringiensis H-14 against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. J Econ Ent 73:684–688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newton EAC, Reiter P (1992) A model of the transmission of dengue fever with an evaluation of the impact of ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticide applications on dengue epidemics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47(6):709–720

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Priest FG (1992) Biological control of mosquitoes and other biting flies by Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis. J Appl Bacteriol 72:357–369

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reiter P, Nathan MB (2001) Guidelines for assessing the efficacy of insecticidal space sprays for control of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. WHO/CDS/PVC, p 33

    Google Scholar 

  • Seawright JA, Kaiser PE, Dame DA (1977) Mating competitiveness of chemosterilised hybrid males of Aedes aegypti (L.) in field tests. Mosq News 37(4):615–619

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddall JB (1976) Insect Growth Regulators and insect control: a critical appraisal. Environ Hlth Persp 14:119–126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer S (1973) Insecticidal activity of recent bacterial isolates and their toxins against mosquito larvae. Nature (London) 244:110–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2009) Dengue-Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. WHO/TDR, pp146

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2013) World malaria report 2013. Geneva. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2013/en/

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

I am grateful to numerous individuals and organizations who assisted in various ways towards the preparation of this manuscript. I am most indebted to the co-authors of the book “Mosquitoes and their Control” namely Marija Zgomba, Dusan Petric, Clive Boase, Minoo Madon, Christine Dahl and Achim Kaiser as well as the members of the German Mosquito Control Association (KABS), the Institute of Dipterology (IfD), the colleagues at the University of Heidelberg especially to Professors Volker Storch and Thomas Braunbeck, the members of the European Mosquito Control Association (EMCA).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Norbert Becker .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Becker, N. (2015). Mosquito Control. In: Mehlhorn, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Parasitology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_2012-2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_2012-2

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27769-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation