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Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

The chapter is structured into the following main parts. After a short introduction which addresses the term materials as it is used in mechanical engineering and sorts out other matters for the sake of space, the first main section, Sect. 3.1, describes the fundamentals of atomic structure and microstructure of materials (as defined in the introduction). The following Sects. 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 deal with the most important properties and testing methods of materials from the viewpoint of mechanical engineers. The last and largest Sect. 3.7 is devoted to the most commonly used materials in mechanical engineering.

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Abbreviations

ABS:

acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene

ADI:

austempered cast iron

ADI:

austempered ductile cast iron

AFM:

atomic force microscope

BHS:

Brinell hardness

BHW:

Brinell hardness

BSE:

backscattered electrons

CCD:

charge-coupled device

CCT:

continuous cooling transition

CFRP:

carbon fiber reinforced plastic

CGI:

compacted graphite iron

CPT:

critical pitting temperature

CVD:

chemical vapor deposition

DBTT:

ductile to brittle transition

DIC:

differential interference contrast

DPH:

diamond-pyramid hardness number

DSC:

differential scanning calorimetry

EBSD:

electron backscatter diffraction

EDS:

energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy

EDX:

energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer

EELS:

electron energy loss spectroscopy

EPMA:

electron probe microanalysis

ESCA:

electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis

FIB:

focused ion beam

HDPE:

high-density polyethylene

HP:

high pressure

HSLA:

high-strength low-alloy

IC:

integrated circuits

ICDD:

International Center for Diffraction Data

LRO:

long-range order

MIC:

microbiologically influenced corrosion

MPI:

magnetic particle inspection

ND:

normal direction

NDE:

nondestructive evaluation

NDI:

nondestructive inspection

NDT:

nondestructive testing

OIM:

orientation imaging microscopy

PC:

personal computer

PC:

polycrystalline

PC:

pulverized coal

PDF:

powder diffraction file

PET:

polyethylene terephthalate

PS:

passive sum

PSB:

persistent slip bands

PVC:

polyvinyl chloride

PVD:

physical vapor deposition

RD:

rolling direction

RT:

radiographic testing

RT:

reheat turbine

RT:

room temperature

SBR:

polystyrene-butadien-rubber

SE:

secondary electrons

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

SHM:

structural health monitoring

SI:

secondary ions

SI:

spark ignition

SI:

spark-ignited

SI:

system international

SIMS:

secondary-ion mass spectroscopy

SRO:

short-range order

TD:

transversal direction

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

TTT:

time–temperature transition

UNS:

unified numbering system

US:

ultrasonic

UTS:

ultimate tensile strength

VHN:

Vickers hardness number

WDS:

wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy

WDX:

wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy

XPS:

x-ray-exited photoelectron spectroscopy

XRD:

x-ray diffraction

bcc:

body-centered cubic

bct:

body-centered tetragonal

fcc:

face-centered cubic

hcp:

hexagonal closed packed

p.t.o.:

power take-off

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department for Metal Physics, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, 01171, Dresden, Germany

    Jens Freudenberger Dr.

  2. Institute of Materials and Joining Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39016, Magdeburg, Germany

    Joachim Göllner Dr.

  3. Department of Physical Metallurgy, Technical University, Petersenstr. 23, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany

    Martin Heilmaier Prof.

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Materials and Joining Technology and Materials Testing, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39016, Magdeburg, Germany

    Gerhard Mook Prof.

  5. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences of Landshut, Am Lurzenhof 1, 84036, Landshut, Germany

    Holger Saage

  6. Aditya Birla Management Corporation, Corporate Technology Strategy Services, MIDC Taloja, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, India

    Vivek Srivastava Ph.D.

  7. Department of Materials and Joining Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany

    Ulrich Wendt Prof.

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  1. Jens Freudenberger Dr.
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  3. Martin Heilmaier Prof.
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  4. Gerhard Mook Prof.
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  5. Holger Saage
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  7. Ulrich Wendt Prof.
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jens Freudenberger Dr. , Joachim Göllner Dr. , Martin Heilmaier Prof. , Gerhard Mook Prof. , Holger Saage , Vivek Srivastava Ph.D. or Ulrich Wendt Prof. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany, Universitätsplatz 2

    Karl-Heinrich Grote Professor Dr.-Ing.

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (CALTEC), 91125, Pasadena, CA, USA, 1200 East California Boulevard

    Erik K. Antonsson Professor

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Freudenberger, J. et al. (2009). Materials Science and Engineering. In: Grote, KH., Antonsson, E. (eds) Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30738-9_3

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