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Separate sewer system is a system that collects rainwater in a storm sewer pipe and discharges it directly to a waterway, while the sanitary sewage collected from homes, businesses, and industry is collected in a sanitary sewer pipe and taken to the sewage plant for treatment before being released into waterways. The combined sewer system (CSS) is a simple sewer system that carries both sewage and rainwater in one pipe to a sewage treatment plant before being released to a waterway (Moretti and Yazaki 2008). In the CSS, with moderate to heavy rainfall, the system reaches capacity, overflows, and discharges combined sewage and rainwater directly into the ocean, streams, or rivers, without treatment, in so-called CSO – combined sewer overflow (EPA 2021).
Rainwater runoff is the portion of the precipitation that is not absorbed by plants, doesn’t evaporate or seep into the ground, and consequently flows down by the height...
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References
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de Sousa Moretti, R., da Silva, E.A. (2022). Urban Drainage and Sewage Systems: Diffuse Pollution and System’s Interconnection. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A.M., Brandli, L., Lange Salvia, A., Wall, T. (eds) Clean Water and Sanitation. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95846-0_186
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