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Modeling Cancer Metastasis

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Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Human Cancer

Part of the book series: Molecular and Translational Medicine ((MOLEMED))

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Abstract

Cancer metastases constitute a therapy-resistant stage in most cases; thus, the study of mechanisms underlying the metastatic process is a subject of intense research. With the recognition of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) as being clinically relevant, in this chapter we describe methods to model specific stages of the metastatic cascade using PDXs. In particular we emphasize the processing of PDXs for in vitro studies to investigate migration, invasion, and cancer cell-stromal cell interaction. In vivo, we describe methods to implant cancer cells into the left ventricle (to study dissemination of cancer cells in the blood stream while bypassing the initial steps of metastases) and the direct implantation of cancer cells in the femur of immunodeficient mice (for cancer cell-bone interaction and preclinical studies). We also describe methods to evaluate these in vivo assays and outline basic concepts and methods of intravital microscopy to study early stages of metastases.

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Abbreviations

3D:

Three dimensional

cPDXs:

Cancer cells derived from PDXs

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PCa:

Prostate cancer

PDXs:

Patient-derived xenografts

UICC:

Union for International Cancer Control

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Nora M. Navone & Estefania Labanca

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  1. Nora M. Navone
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  2. Estefania Labanca
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Correspondence to Nora M. Navone .

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  1. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Yuzhuo Wang

  2. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Dong Lin

  3. Living Tumor Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency/Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Peter W. Gout

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Navone, N.M., Labanca, E. (2017). Modeling Cancer Metastasis. In: Wang, Y., Lin, D., Gout, P. (eds) Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Human Cancer . Molecular and Translational Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55825-7_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55825-7_7

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