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The Role of Irrigation in Endodontics

  • Chapter
Lasers in Endodontics

Abstract

During root canal irrigation, we aim for the chemical dissolution or disruption and the mechanical detachment and removal of pulp tissue, dentin debris and smear layer (instrumentation products), microorganisms (planktonic or biofilm), and their products out of the root canal system. The different endodontic irrigation systems have their own irrigant flow characteristics, which should fulfill these aims. Flow (convection) promotes the distribution of irrigants through the root canal system. However without flow, the irrigant has to be distributed through diffusion which is slow and depends on temperature and concentration gradients. During the flow of irrigants, frictional forces will occur between the irrigant and the root canal wall (wall shear stress). These frictional forces participate in the mechanical cleaning of the root canal walls. This chapter describes the typical flow of irrigants produced by different irrigation systems including their related wall shear stress. Furthermore, the influence of flow on the chemical effect of the irrigants, including the effect on the biofilm (disinfection), will be discussed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The second Damköhler number is defined as

    Da = irrigant transport time

    in which U is the velocity and Ω the vorticity (rotation) of the irrigant and D is the diffusion coefficient. The length scale L is a typical length over which the reaction takes place near the surface.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Conservative Dentistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Luc W. M. van der Sluis

  2. Department of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Luc W. M. van der Sluis

  3. BuBclean and University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

    Bram Verhaagen MSc

  4. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Ricardo Macedo DMD, PhD

  5. Physical and Medical Acoustics Physics of Fluids group MIRA, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

    Michel Versluis

Authors
  1. Luc W. M. van der Sluis
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  2. Bram Verhaagen MSc
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  3. Ricardo Macedo DMD, PhD
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  4. Michel Versluis
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luc W. M. van der Sluis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. InLaser Rome, Advanced Center for Esthetic and Laser Dentistry, Rome, Italy

    Giovanni Olivi

  2. Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Roeland De Moor

  3. Arizona School of Dentistryand Oral Health, Mesa, Arizona, USA

    Enrico DiVito

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van der Sluis, L.W.M., Verhaagen, B., Macedo, R., Versluis, M. (2016). The Role of Irrigation in Endodontics. In: Olivi, G., De Moor, R., DiVito, E. (eds) Lasers in Endodontics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19327-4_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19327-4_3

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