Abstract
This study explores the GAC adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), that stands out as the most frequently produced and detected compounds belonging to the class of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Experiments were performed on three distinct wastewaters (WW-1, WW-2, WW-3) employing rapid small scale column tests (RSSCTs). RSSCTs were carried out at the same empty bed contact time (EBCT) using a commercially available GAC. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was used to deconvolute fluorescence EEMs. Four independent PARAFAC components were found. High linear correlations were found between the PFAS breakthrough and the breakthrough of the PARAFAC components during the GAC process for WW-1, WW-2 and WW-3. In particular, the PARAFAC component C3, representative of the protein tryptophan-like fluorescence region, lead to high accuracy prediction models of PFOA and PFOS breakthough.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anumol, T., Sgroi, M., Park, M., Roccaro, P., Snyder, S.A.: Predicting trace organic compound breakthrough in granular activated carbon using fluorescence and UV absorbance as surrogates. Water Res. 76, 76–87 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.019
Buck, R.C., et al.: Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: terminology, classification, and origins. Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 7, 513–541 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.258
Chen, Z., Wang, X., Dong, R., Zhang, Y., **, X., Gu, C.: Challenging the contamination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water: advanced oxidation or reduction? Environ. Funct. Mater. 1, 325–337 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.efmat.2022.11.002
Crittenden, J.C., et al.: Predicting GAC performance with rapid small-scale column tests. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 83, 77–87 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1551-8833.1991.TB07088.X
Dale, K., et al.: Single PFAS and PFAS mixtures affect nuclear receptor- and oxidative stress-related pathways in precision-cut liver slices of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Sci. Total. Environ. 814, 152732 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152732
Gagliano, E., Falciglia, P.P., Zaker, Y., Birben, N.C., Karanfil, T., Roccaro, P.: State of the research on regeneration and reactivation techniques for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-laden granular activated carbons (GACs). Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 42, 100955 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COCHE.2023.100955
Gagliano, E., Sgroi, M., Falciglia, P.P., Vagliasindi, F.G.A., Roccaro, P.: Removal of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water by adsorption: role of PFAS chain length, effect of organic matter and challenges in adsorbent regeneration. Water Res. 171, 115381 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381
Khan, B., Burgess, R.M., Cantwell, M.G.: Occurrence and bioaccumulation patterns of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the marine environment. ACS ES&T Water 3, 1243–1259 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSESTWATER.2C00296/SUPPL_FILE/EW2C00296_SI_002.XLSX
Korshin, G.V., Sgroi, M., Ratnaweera, H.: Spectroscopic surrogates for real time monitoring of water quality in wastewater treatment and water reuse. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health 2, 12–19 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.11.003
Lei, X., et al.: A review of PFAS adsorption from aqueous solutions: current approaches, engineering applications, challenges, and opportunities. Environ. Pollut. 321, 121138 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121138
Lu, J., Lu, H., Liang, D., Feng, S., Li, Y., Li, J.: A review of the occurrence, monitoring, and removal technologies for the remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from landfill leachate. Chemosphere 332, 138824 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138824
Murphy, K.R., Stedmon, C.A., Graeber, D., Bro, R.: Fluorescence spectroscopy and multi-way techniques. PARAFAC. Anal. Methods 5, 6557–6566 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ay41160e
Sgroi, M., Anumol, T., Roccaro, P., Vagliasindi, F.G.A., Snyder, S.A.: Modeling emerging contaminants breakthrough in packed bed adsorption columns by UV absorbance and fluorescing components of dissolved organic matter. Water Res. 145, 667–677 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.018
Sgroi, M., Anumol, T., Vagliasindi, F.G.A., Snyder, S.A., Roccaro, P.: Comparison of the new Cl2/O3/UV process with different ozone- and UV-based AOPs for wastewater treatment at pilot scale: removal of pharmaceuticals and changes in fluorescing organic matter. Sci. Total. Environ. 765, 142720 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142720
Sgroi, M., Gagliano, E., Vagliasindi, F.G.A., Roccaro, P.: Data on the inner filter effect, suspended solids and nitrate interferences in fluorescence measurements of wastewater organic matter. Data Brief 28, 104869 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104869
Sunderland, E.M., Hu, X.C., Dassuncao, C., Tokranov, A.K., Wagner, C.C., Allen, J.G.: A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects. J. Eposure Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 29, 131–147 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-018-0094-1
US EPA: Questions and Answers: Drinking Water Health Advisories for PFOA, PFOS, GenX Chemicals and PFBS (2022). [WWW Document]. https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/questions-and-answers-drinking-water-health-advisories-pfoa-pfos-genx-chemicals-and-pfbs. Accessed 10 Dec 2023
Wasswa, J., Mladenov, N., Pearce, W.: Assessing the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor contaminants in source waters and water reuse systems. Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol. 5, 370–382 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ew00472b
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Marino, L. et al. (2024). Fluorescence-Based Approach for Monitoring Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) During Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Adsorption. In: Mannina, G., Cosenza, A., Mineo, A. (eds) Resource Recovery from Wastewater Treatment. ICWRR 2024. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 524. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63353-9_42
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63353-9_42
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-63352-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-63353-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)