Abstract
Travel demand modeling is an essential tool in urban planning and transportation system management. Existing practically efficient algorithms for solving multistage travel demand problems are variations of the heuristic sequential procedure. We propose a novel approach that applies saddle-point methods to a combined convex optimization formulation of the problem. Unlike all previous methods, our algorithm does not require costly shortest-paths calculations, and can be seamlessly scaled on GPUs. We show that in some cases it drastically outperforms the sequential procedures.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahuja, R.K., Magnanti, T.L., Orlin, J.B.: Network flows (1988)
Ali Safwat, K.N., Magnanti, T.L.: A combined trip generation, trip distribution, modal split, and trip assignment model. Transp. Sci. 22(1), 14–30 (1988)
Bar-Gera, H.: Origin-based algorithm for the traffic assignment problem. Transp. Sci. 36(4), 398–417 (2002)
Bar-Gera, H., Boyce, D.: Origin-based algorithms for combined travel forecasting models. Trans. Res. Part B: Methodol. 37(5), 405–422 (2003)
Bar-Gera, H., Boyce, D.: Solving a non-convex combined travel forecasting model by the method of successive averages with constant step sizes. Trans. Res. Part B: Methodol. 40(5), 351–367 (2006)
Beckmann, M., McGuire, C.B., Winsten, C.B.: Studies in the economics of transportation. Tech. rep. (1956)
Boyce, D.: Is the sequential travel forecasting paradigm counterproductive? J. Urban Planning Developm. 128(4), 169–183 (2002)
Boyce, D.: Network equilibrium models for urban transport. Handbook of regional science, pp. 247–275 (2021)
Boyce, D., Bar-Gera, H.: Multiclass combined models for urban travel forecasting. Netw. Spat. Econ. 4, 115–124 (2004)
Boyce, D., Ralevic-Dekic, B., Bar-Gera, H.: Convergence of traffic assignments: how much is enough? J. Transp. Eng. 130(1), 49–55 (2004)
Boyce, D.E.: Urban transportation network-equilibrium and design models: recent achievements and future prospects. Environ Plan A 16(11), 1445–1474 (1984)
Boyce, D.E., Zhang, Y.F., Lupa, M.R.: Introducing “feedback" into four-step travel forecasting procedure versus equilibrium solution of combined model. Transp. Res. Rec. 1443, 65 (1994)
Boyles, S.D., Lownes, N.E., Unnikrishnan, A.: Transportation Network Analysis, vol. 1 (2023), edition 0.91
Bradbury, J., et al.: JAX: composable transformations of Python+NumPy programs (2018). http://github.com/google/jax
Chen, A., Yang, C., Kongsomsaksakul, S., Lee, M.: Network-based accessibility measures for vulnerability analysis of degradable transportation networks. Netw. Spat. Econ. 7, 241–256 (2007)
Cheng, L., Du, M., Jiang, X., Rakha, H.: Modeling and estimating the capacity of urban transportation network with rapid transit. Transport 29(2), 165–174 (2014)
de Dios Ortúzar, J., Willumsen, L.G.: Modelling transport. John wiley & sons (2011)
Du, M., Jiang, X., Cheng, L.: Alternative network robustness measure using system-wide transportation capacity for identifying critical links in road networks. Adv. Mech. Eng. 9(4), 1687814017696652 (2017)
Evans, S.P.: Derivation and analysis of some models for combining trip distribution and assignment. Transp. Res. 10(1), 37–57 (1976)
Florian, M., Nguyen, S.: A combined trip distribution modal split and trip assignment model. Transp. Res. 12(4), 241–246 (1978)
Florian, M., Nguyen, S., Ferland, J.: On the combined distribution-assignment of traffic. Transp. Sci. 9(1), 43–53 (1975)
Frank, M., Wolfe, P., et al.: An algorithm for quadratic programming. Naval Res. Logist. Q. 3(1–2), 95–110 (1956)
Friesz, T.L.: An equivalent optimization problem for combined multiclass distribution, assignment and modal split which obviates symmetry restrictions. Trans. Res. Part B: Methodol. 15(5), 361–369 (1981)
Garrett, M., Wachs, M.: Transportation planning on trial: The Clean Air Act and travel forecasting. Sage Publications (1996)
Gasnikova, E., et al.: Sufficient conditions for multi-stages traffic assignment model to be the convex optimization problem. ar**v preprint ar**v:2305.09069 (2023)
Guminov, S., Dvurechensky, P., Tupitsa, N., Gasnikov, A.: On a combination of alternating minimization and nesterov’s momentum. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 3886–3898. PMLR (2021)
Harris, C.R., et al.: Array programming with NumPy. Nature 585(7825), 357–362 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2
Ho, H., Wong, S.: Housing allocation problem in a continuum transportation system. Transportmetrica 3(1), 21–39 (2007)
Ho, H., Wong, S., Loo, B.P.: Combined distribution and assignment model for a continuum traffic equilibrium problem with multiple user classes. Trans. Res. Part B: Methodol. 40(8), 633–650 (2006)
Horowitz, A.J.: Tests of an ad hoc algorithm of elastic-demand equilibrium traffic assignment. Trans. Res. Part B: Methodol. 23(4), 309–313 (1989)
Huang, H.J., Lam, W.H.: Modified evans’ algorithms for solving the combined trip distribution and assignment problem. Trans. Res. Part B: Methodol. 26(4), 325–337 (1992)
Ignashin, I., Yaramoshik, D.: Modifications of the frank-wolfe algorithm in the problem of finding the equilibrium distribution of traffic flows. Math, Model, Numerical Simulat. 10(1), 10–25 (2024)
Karush, W.: Minima of functions of several variables with inequalities as side constraints. M. Sc. Dissertation. Dept. of Mathematics, Univ. of Chicago (1939)
Kim, Y., Samaranayake, S., Wischik, D.: A combined convex model for travel demand forecasting with hierarchical extended logit model. ar**v preprint ar**v:2308.01817 (2023)
Kubentayeva, M., et al.: Primal-dual gradient methods for searching network equilibria in combined models with nested choice structure and capacity constraints. CMS 21(1), 15 (2024)
Kuhn, H.W., Tucker, A.W.: Nonlinear programming. In: Neyman, J. (ed.) Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability (1951)
Lam, W.H., Huang, H.J.: A combined trip distribution and assignment model for multiple user classes. Trans. Res. Part B: Methodol. 26(4), 275–287 (1992)
Larsson, T., Patriksson, M.: Simplicial decomposition with disaggregated representation for the traffic assignment problem. Transp. Sci. 26(1), 4–17 (1992)
LeBlanc, L.J., Farhangian, K.: Efficient algorithms for solving elastic demand traffic assignment problems and mode split-assignment problems. Transp. Sci. 15(4), 306–317 (1981)
Lee, D.H., Wu, L., Meng, Q.: Equity based land-use and transportation problem. J. Adv. Transp. 40(1), 75–93 (2006)
Leventhal, T., Nemhauser, G., Trotter, L., Jr.: A column generation algorithm for optimal traffic assignment. Transp. Sci. 7(2), 168–176 (1973)
Lin, J.J., Feng, C.M.: A bi-level programming model for the land use-network design problem. Ann. Reg. Sci. 37, 93–105 (2003)
Liu, Z., Yin, Y., Bai, F., Grimm, D.K.: End-to-end learning of user equilibrium with implicit neural networks. Trans. Res. Part C: Emerging Technol. 150, 104085 (2023)
Lundgren, J.T., Patriksson, M.: An algorithm for the combined distribution and assignment model. In: Transportation Networks: Recent Methodological Advances. Selected Proceedings of the 4th EURO Transportation Meeting Association of European Operational Research Societies (1999)
McNally, M.G.: The activity-based approach (2000)
Mitradjieva, M., Lindberg, P.O.: The stiff is moving-conjugate direction frank-wolfe methods with applications to traffic assignment. Transp. Sci. 47(2), 280–293 (2013)
Najmi, A.: Interaction of demand and supply in transport planning model systems: A comprehensive revisit. Ph.D. thesis, UNSW Sydney (2020)
Nesterov, Y.: Universal gradient methods for convex optimization problems. Math. Program. 152(1), 381–404 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-014-0790-0
Nesterov, Y., De Palma, A.: Stationary dynamic solutions in congested transportation networks: summary and perspectives. Netw. Spat. Econ. 3, 371–395 (2003)
Oppenheim, N.: Equilibrium trip distribution/assignment with variable destination costs. Trans. Res. Part B: Methodol. 27(3), 207–217 (1993)
Oppenheim, N., et al.: Urban travel demand modeling: from individual choices to general equilibrium. John Wiley and Sons (1995)
Peixoto, T.P.: The graph-tool python library. figshare (2014). https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1164194
Reeder, P., Bhat, C., Lorenzini, K., Hall, K., et al.: Positive feedback: exploring current approaches in iterative travel demand model implementation (2012)
Salim, A., Condat, L., Kovalev, D., Richtárik, P.: An optimal algorithm for strongly convex minimization under affine constraints. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, pp. 4482–4498. PMLR (2022)
Sheffi, Y.: Urban transportation networks, vol. 6. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1985)
Tam, M., Lam, W.H.: Maximum car ownership under constraints of road capacity and parking space. Trans. Res. Part A: Policy Pract. 34(3), 145–170 (2000)
Transportation Networks for Research Core Team: Transportation networks for research (2024). https://github.com/bstabler/TransportationNetworks (Accessed 29 Feb 2024)
US Bureau of Public Roads: Traffic Assignment Manual. Washington D.C, Department of Commerce, Urban Planning Division (1964)
Wilson, A.G.: The use of entropy maximising models, in the theory of trip distribution, mode split and route split. J. Trans. Econ. Policy, 108–126 (1969)
Wong, K.I., Wong, S., Wu, J., Yang, H., Lam, W.H.: A combined distribution, hierarchical mode choice, and assignment network model with multiple user and mode classes. Urban and regional transportation modeling, pp. 25–42 (2004)
Xu, M., Chen, A., Gao, Z.: An improved origin-based algorithm for solving the combined distribution and assignment problem. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 188(2), 354–369 (2008)
Yang, H., Bell, M.G., Meng, Q.: Modeling the capacity and level of service of urban transportation networks. Trans. Res. Part B: Methodol. 34(4), 255–275 (2000)
Yim, K.K., Wong, S., Chen, A., Wong, C.K., Lam, W.H.: A reliability-based land use and transportation optimization model. Trans. Res. Part C: Emerging Technol. 19(2), 351–362 (2011)
Acknowledgments
The work of Yarmoshik D. is supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Goszadaniye) No. 075-03-2024-117, project No. FSMG-2024-0025. The work of Persiianov M. is supported by the annual income of the Endowment Fund of Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (target capital no. 5 for the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning, https://fund.mipt.ru/capitals/ck5/).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yarmoshik, D., Persiianov, M. (2024). On the Application of Saddle-Point Methods for Combined Equilibrium Transportation Models. In: Eremeev, A., Khachay, M., Kochetov, Y., Mazalov, V., Pardalos, P. (eds) Mathematical Optimization Theory and Operations Research. MOTOR 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14766. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62792-7_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62792-7_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-62791-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-62792-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)