Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving technology that is still in its infancy, but holds immense potential due to its various applications. It entails develo** and use of materials that have dimensions inside the brackets of 1–100 nanometers. Nowadays, a wide range of physicochemical techniques are employed to synthesize organic nanoparticles (NPs). For many years, scientists have been experimenting with various synthetic approaches to create organic nanoparticles. When compared to chemical synthesis that utilizes dangerous diluents, elevated pressure, energy, and thermochemical methods, the green nanoparticle production technique is a more straightforward, efficient, and eco-friendly alternative. Sustainable process offers ecologically benign, easy, affordable, and systematic approach to nanoparticle synthesis. Given the vast range of uses for organic nanoparticles, as in environmental and medicinal domains, the utilization of green approaches is pivotal in the synthesis of NPs. The goal of sustainable synthesis is to reduce the utilization of toxic substances, for manufacturing nanoparticles. The basics of green chemistry are discussed here, as well as an overview of environmental-friendly synthesis of organic nanomaterials and their uses.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anderson, C. D., & Daniels, E. S. (2003). Emulsion polymerisation and latex applications (Vol. 14). iSmithers Rapra Publishing.
Barbinta-Patrascu, M. E., Badea, N., Ungureanu, C., Constantin, M., Pirvu, C., & Rau, I. (2016). Silver-based biohybrids “green” synthesized from Chelidonium majus L. Optical Materials, 56, 94–99.
Bello, S. A., Agunsoye, J. O., & Hassan, S. B. (2015). Synthesis of coconut shell nanoparticles via a top down approach: Assessment of milling duration on the particle sizes and morphologies of coconut shell nanoparticles. Materials Letters, 159, 514–519.
Bengoechea, C., Cordobés Carmona, F., Puppo, M.C. & Guerrero, A. (2007). Viscoelasticidad lineal y tamaños de gota de emulsiones o/w estabilizadas por proteínas vegetales.
Bhardwaj, A. K., & Naraian, R. (2021). Cyanobacteria as biochemical energy source for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles, mechanism and potential applications: A review. 3 Biotech, 11(10), 445.
Bhardwaj, A. K., Kumar, V., Pandey, V., Naraian, R., & Gopal, R. (2019). Bacterial killing efficacy of synthesized rod shaped cuprous oxide nanoparticles using laser ablation technique. SN Applied Sciences, 1, 1–8.
Bhardwaj, K., Sharma, A., Tejwan, N., Bhardwaj, S., Bhardwaj, P., Nepovimova, E., Shami, A., Kalia, A., Kumar, A., Abd-Elsalam, K. A., & Kuča, K. (2020). Pleurotus macrofungi-assisted nanoparticle synthesis and its potential applications: A review. Journal of Fungi, 6(4), 351.
Blanco, E., Kessinger, C. W., Sumer, B. D., & Gao, J. (2009). Multifunctional micellar nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 234(2), 123–131.
Bonatto, C. C., & Silva, L. P. (2014). Higher temperatures speed up the growth and control the size and optoelectrical properties of silver nanoparticles greenly synthesized by cashew nutshells. Industrial Crops and Products, 58, 46–54.
Bouchemal, K. S. E. H. I. N., Briançon, S., Perrier, E., Fessi, H., Bonnet, I., & Zydowicz, N. (2004). Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane and poly (ether urethane) nanocapsules using a new technique of interfacial polycondensation combined to spontaneous emulsification. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 269(1), 89–100.
Camelo, S., Lajavardi, L., Bochot, A., Goldenberg, B., Naud, M. C., Brunel, N., Lescure, B., Klein, C., Fattal, E., Behar-Cohen, F., & de Kozak, Y. (2009). Protective effect of Intravitreal injection of vasoactive intestinal peptide–loaded liposomes on experimental autoimmune Uveoretinitis. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 25(1), 9–22.
Canalle, L. A., Löwik, D. W., & van Hest, J. C. (2010). Polypeptide–polymer bioconjugates. Chemical Society Reviews, 39(1), 329–353.
Chen, Z., Wang, C., Chen, J., & Li, X. (2013). Biocompatible, functional spheres based on oxidative coupling assembly of green tea polyphenols. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135(11), 4179–4182.
Cheng, Y., Ramos, D., Lee, P., Liang, D., Yu, X., & Kumbar, S. G. (2014). Collagen functionalized bioactive nanofiber matrices for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: bone tissue engineering. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 10(2), 287–298.
Cheng, H. B., Li, Y., Tang, B. Z., & Yoon, J. (2020). Assembly strategies of organic-based imaging agents for fluorescence and photoacoustic bioimaging applications. Chemical Society Reviews, 49(1), 21–31.
Cheviron, P., Gouanvé, F., & Espuche, E. (2014). Green synthesis of colloid silver nanoparticles and resulting biodegradable starch/silver nanocomposites. Carbohydrate Polymers, 108, 291–298.
Christian, D. A., Cai, S., Bowen, D. M., Kim, Y., Pajerowski, J. D., & Discher, D. E. (2009). Polymersome carriers: from self-assembly to siRNA and protein therapeutics. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 71(3), 463–474.
Chronopoulou, L., Fratoddi, I., Palocci, C., Venditti, I., & Russo, M. V. (2009). Osmosis based method drives the self-assembly of polymeric chains into micro-and nanostructures. Langmuir, 25(19), 11940–11946.
Cuomo, F., Lopez, F., Miguel, M. G., & Lindman, B. (2010). Vesicle-templated layer-by-layer assembly for the production of nanocapsules. Langmuir, 26(13), 10555–10560.
Dalpiaz, A., Vighi, E., Pavan, B., & Leo, E. (2009). Fabrication via a nonaqueous nanoprecipitation method, characterization and in vitro biological behavior of N6-cyclopentyladenosine-loaded nanoparticles. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 98(11), 4272–4284.
Deepak, V., Kalishwaralal, K., & Gurunathan, S. (2009). Purification, immobilization, and characterization of nattokinase on PHB nanoparticles. Bioresource Technology, 100(24), 6644–6646.
del Carpio-Perochena, A., Bramante, C. M., Duarte, M. A. H., de Moura, M. R., Aouada, F. A., & Kishen, A. (2015). Chelating and antibacterial properties of chitosan nanoparticles on dentin. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 40(3), 195–201.
Ding, F., Shi, X., Jiang, Z., Liu, L., Cai, J., Li, Z., Chen, S., & Du, Y. (2013). Electrochemically stimulated drug release from dual stimuli responsive chitin hydrogel. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 1(12), 1729–1737.
El-Aasser, M. S., Lack, C. D., Vanderhoff, J. W., & Fowkes, F. M. (1988). The miniemulsification process—different form of spontaneous emulsification. Colloids and Surfaces, 29(1), 103–118.
Elzatahry, A. A., & Eldin, M. M. (2008). Preparation and characterization of metronidazole-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery application. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 19(12), 1787–1791.
Fei, J., Zhao, J., Du, C., Wang, A., Zhang, H., Dai, L., & Li, J. (2014). One-pot ultrafast self-assembly of autofluorescent polyphenol-based core@ shell nanostructures and their selective antibacterial applications. ACS Nano, 8(8), 8529–8536.
Gangula, A., Podila, R., Karanam, L., Janardhana, C., & Rao, A. M. (2011). Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol using biogenic gold and silver nanoparticles derived from Breynia rhamnoides. Langmuir, 27(24), 15268–15274.
Grover, G. N., & Maynard, H. D. (2010). Protein–polymer conjugates: synthetic approaches by controlled radical polymerizations and interesting applications. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 14(6), 818–827.
Haddon, R. C. (2002). Carbon nanotubes. Accounts of Chemical Research, 35(12), 997–997.
Hett, A. (2004). Nanotechnology: Small matter, many unknowns. Swiss Reinsurance Company.
Hodge, P. (1993). Polymer science branches out. Nature, 362(6415), 18–19.
Hou, Y., Hu, J., Park, H., & Lee, M. (2012). Chitosan-based nanoparticles as a sustained protein release carrier for tissue engineering applications. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 100(4), 939–947.
Huang, W., Taylor, S., Fu, K., Lin, Y., Zhang, D., Hanks, T. W., Rao, A. M., & Sun, Y. P. (2002). Attaching proteins to carbon nanotubes via diimide-activated amidation. Nano Letters, 2(4), 311–314.
Immordino, M. L., Dosio, F., & Cattel, L. (2006). Stealth liposomes: Review of the basic science, rationale, and clinical applications, existing and potential. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 1(3), 297.
Iravani, S. (2011). Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Green Chemistry, 13(10), 2638–2650.
Jacob, M. V., Rawat, R. S., Ouyang, B., Bazaka, K., Kumar, D. S., Taguchi, D., Iwamoto, M., Neupane, R., & Varghese, O. K. (2015). Catalyst-free plasma enhanced growth of graphene from sustainable sources. Nano Letters, 15(9), 5702–5708.
**, Z., Sugiyama, Y., Zhang, C., Palui, G., **n, Y., Du, L., Wang, S., Dridi, N., & Mattoussi, H. (2020). Rapid photoligation of gold nanocolloids with lipoic acid-based ligands. Chemistry of Materials, 32(17), 7469–7483.
**g, X., Mi, H. Y., Peng, J., Peng, X. F., & Turng, L. S. (2015a). Electrospun aligned poly (propylene carbonate) microfibers with chitosan nanofibers as tissue engineering scaffolds. Carbohydrate Polymers, 117, 941–949.
**g, X., Mi, H. Y., Wang, X. C., Peng, X. F., & Turng, L. S. (2015b). Shish-kebab-structured poly (ε-caprolactone) nanofibers hierarchically decorated with chitosan–poly (ε-caprolactone) copolymers for bone tissue engineering. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 7(12), 6955–6965.
Kapur, A., Medina, S. H., Wang, W., Palui, G., Ji, X., Schneider, J. P., & Mattoussi, H. (2018). Enhanced uptake of luminescent quantum dots by live cells mediated by a membrane-active peptide. ACS Omega, 3(12), 17164–17172.
Kedar, U., Phutane, P., Shidhaye, S., & Kadam, V. (2010). Advances in polymeric micelles for drug delivery and tumor targeting. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 6(6), 714–729.
Khan, I., Khalid, S., & Khan, I. (2019). Nanoparticles: Properties, Application and Toxicities. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12, 908–993.
Kim, D., Kim, E., Lee, J., Hong, S., Sung, W., Lim, N., Park, C. G., & Kim, K. (2010). Direct synthesis of polymer nanocapsules: self-assembly of polymer hollow spheres through irreversible covalent bond formation. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(28), 9908–9919.
Kim, J. H., Yu, D., Eom, S. H., Kim, S. H., Oh, J., Jung, W. K., & Kim, Y. M. (2017). Synergistic antibacterial effects of chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate against antibiotic-resistant acne-related bacteria. Marine Drugs, 15(6), 167.
Kishen, A., Shi, Z., Shrestha, A., & Neoh, K. G. (2008). An investigation on the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of cationic nanoparticulates for root canal disinfection. Journal of Endodontics, 34(12), 1515–1520.
Klajnert, B., & Bryszewska, M. (2001). Dendrimers: properties and applications. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 48(1), 199–208.
Koshino, M., Tanaka, T., Solin, N., Suenaga, K., Isobe, H., & Nakamura, E. (2007). Imaging of single organic molecules in motion. Science, 316(5826), 853–853.
Kostag, M., Köhler, S., Liebert, T., & Heinze, T. (2010). Pure cellulose nanoparticles from trimethylsilyl cellulose. In Macromolecular symposia (Vol. 294, No. 2, pp. 96–106). WILEY-VCH Verlag.
Langer, K., Anhorn, M. G., Steinhauser, I., Dreis, S., Celebi, D., Schrickel, N., Faust, S., & Vogel, V. (2008). Human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles: reproducibility of preparation process and kinetics of enzymatic degradation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 347(1–2), 109–117.
Lee, J., Cho, E. C., & Cho, K. (2004). Incorporation and release behavior of hydrophobic drug in functionalized poly (D, L-lactide)-block–poly (ethylene oxide) micelles. Journal of Controlled Release, 94(2–3), 323–335.
Legrand, P., Lesieur, S., Bochot, A., Gref, R., Raatjes, W., Barratt, G., & Vauthier, C. (2007). Influence of polymer behaviour in organic solution on the production of polylactide nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 344(1–2), 33–43.
Liu, J., Qiu, Z., Wang, S., Zhou, L., & Zhang, S. (2010). A modified double-emulsion method for the preparation of daunorubicin-loaded polymeric nanoparticle with enhanced in vitro anti-tumor activity. Biomedical Materials, 5(6), 065002.
Liu, C., Wan, T., Wang, H., Zhang, S., **, Y., & Cheng, Y. (2019). A boronic acid–rich dendrimer with robust and unprecedented efficiency for cytosolic protein delivery and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Science Advances, 5(6), eaaw8922.
Lizarraga, M. S., Pan, L. G., Añon, M. C., & Santiago, L. G. (2008). Stability of concentrated emulsions measured by optical and rheological methods. Effect of processing conditions—I. Whey protein concentrate. Food Hydrocolloids, 22(5), 868–878.
Loh, J. W., Yeoh, G., Saunders, M., & Lim, L. Y. (2010). Uptake and cytotoxicity of chitosan nanoparticles in human liver cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 249(2), 148–157.
Meziani, M. J., Pathak, P., Wang, W., Desai, T., Patil, A., & Sun, Y. P. (2005). Polymeric nanofibers from rapid expansion of supercritical solution. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44(13), 4594–4598.
Michael, A., Singh, A., Roy, A., & Islam, M. R. (2022a). Fungal- and algal-derived synthesis of various nanoparticles and their applications. Hindawi Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2022, Article ID 3142674, 14.
Michael, A., Singh, A., Roy, A., & Islam, M. R. (2022b). Fungal-and algal-derived synthesis of various nanoparticles and their applications. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2022, 2022.
Miclea, R. D., Varma, P. R., Peng, A., & Balu-Iyer, S. V. (2007). Development and characterization of lipidic cochleate containing recombinant factor VIII. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes, 1768(11), 2890–2898.
Moraes, C. M., de Matos, A. P., Grillo, R., de Melo, N. F., de Paula, E., Dias Filho, N. L., Rosa, A. H., & Fraceto, L. F. (2011). Screening of formulation variables for the preparation of poly (epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsules containing the local anesthetic benzocaine. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 11(3), 2450–2457.
Moribe, K., Maruyama, S., Inoue, Y., Suzuki, T., Fukami, T., Tomono, K., Higashi, K., Tozuka, Y., & Yamamoto, K. (2010). Ascorbyl dipalmitate/PEG-lipid nanoparticles as a novel carrier for hydrophobic drugs. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 387(1–2), 236–243.
Mozafari, M. R., Flanagan, J., Matia-Merino, L., Awati, A., Omri, A., Suntres, Z. E., & Singh, H. (2006). Recent trends in the lipid-based nanoencapsulation of antioxidants and their role in foods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86(13), 2038–2045.
Muramatsu, H., Kim, Y. A., Yang, K. S., Cruz-Silva, R., Toda, I., Yamada, T., Terrones, M., Endo, M., Hayashi, T., & Saitoh, H. (2014). Rice husk-derived graphene with nano-sized domains and clean edges. Small, 10(14), 2766–2770.
Oliveira, J. M., Salgado, A. J., Sousa, N., Mano, J. F., & Reis, R. L. (2010). Dendrimers and derivatives as a potential therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine strategies—A review. Progress in Polymer Science, 35(9), 1163–1194.
Palui, G., Aldeek, F., Wang, W., & Mattoussi, H. (2015). Strategies for interfacing inorganic nanocrystals with biological systems based on polymer-coating. Chemical Society Reviews, 44(1), 193–227.
Patel, G. B., Agnew, B. J., Deschatelets, L., Fleming, L. P., & Sprott, G. D. (2000). In vitro assessment of archaeosome stability for develo** oral delivery systems. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 194(1), 39–49.
Paulkumar, K., Gnanajobitha, G., Vanaja, M., Pavunraj, M., & Annadurai, G. (2017). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle and silver based chitosan bionanocomposite using stem extract of Saccharum officinarum and assessment of its antibacterial activity. Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 8(3), 035019.
Prato, M., Kostarelos, K., & Bianco, A. (2008). Functionalized carbon nanotubes in drug design and discovery. Accounts of Chemical Research, 41(1), 60–68.
Purkait, T., Singh, G., Singh, M., Kumar, D., & Dey, R. S. (2017). Large area few-layer graphene with scalable preparation from waste biomass for high-performance supercapacitor. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 15239.
Qin, Y., Lu, X., Sun, N., & Rogers, R. D. (2010). Dissolution or extraction of crustacean shells using ionic liquids to obtain high molecular weight purified chitin and direct production of chitin films and fibers. Green Chemistry, 12(6), 968–971.
Qu, Y., Ju, Y., Cortez-Jugo, C., Lin, Z., Li, S., Zhou, J., Ma, Y., Glab, A., Kent, S. J., Cavalieri, F., & Caruso, F. (2020). Template-mediated assembly of DNA into microcapsules for immunological modulation. Small, 16(37), 2002750.
Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. S., Sharmin, N., Chowdhury, J. A., & Jalil, R. U. (2010). Preparation and evaluation of cellulose acetate phthalate and ethyl cellulose based microcapsules of diclofenac sodium using emulsification and solvent-evaporation method. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(1), 39–46.
Reis, C. P., Neufeld, R. J., Ribeiro, A. J., & Veiga, F. (2006). Nanoencapsulation I. Methods for preparation of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 2(1), 8–21.
Rolland, J. P., Maynor, B. W., Euliss, L. E., Exner, A. E., Denison, G. M., & DeSimone, J. M. (2005). Direct fabrication and harvesting of monodisperse, shape-specific nanobiomaterials. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 127(28), 10096–10100.
Romero, G., Estrela-Lopis, I., Zhou, J., Rojas, E., Franco, A., Espinel, C. S., Fernández, A. G., Gao, C., Donath, E., & Moya, S. E. (2010). Surface engineered poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for intracellular delivery: Uptake and cytotoxicity—A confocal raman microscopic study. Biomacromolecules, 11(11), 2993–2999.
Schubert, S., Delaney, J. T., Jr., & Schubert, U. S. (2011). Nanoprecipitation and nanoformulation of polymers: from history to powerful possibilities beyond poly (lactic acid). Soft Matter, 7(5), 1581–1588.
Shankar, S. S., Rai, A., Ankamwar, B., Singh, A., Ahmad, A., & Sastry, M. (2004). Biological synthesis of triangular gold nanoprisms. Nature Materials, 3(7), 482–488.
Sigfridsson, K., Björkman, J. A., Skantze, P., & Zachrisson, H. (2011). Usefulness of a nanoparticle formulation to investigate some hemodynamic parameters of a poorly soluble compound. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 100(6), 2194–2202.
Singh, P., Bahadur, J., & Pal, K. (2017). One-step one chemical synthesis process of graphene from rice husk for energy storage applications. Graphene, 6(3), 61–71.
Singh, M. P., Bhardwaj, A. K., Bharati, K., Singh, R. P., Chaurasia, S. K., Kumar, S., Singh, R. P., Shukla, A., Naraian, R., & Vikram, K. (2021). Biogenic and non-biogenic waste utilization in the synthesis of 2D materials (graphene, h-BN, g-C2N) and their applications. Frontiers in Nanotechnology, 3, 685427.
Smitha, S. L., Philip, D., & Gopchandran, K. G. (2009). Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Cinnamomum zeylanicum leaf broth. Spectrochimica acta Part A: Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy, 74(3), 735–739.
Sole, I., Maestro, A., González, C., Solans, C., & Gutiérrez, J. M. (2006). Optimization of nano-emulsion preparation by low-energy methods in an ionic surfactant system. Langmuir, 22(20), 8326–8332.
Sun, Y. P., Rolling, H. W., Bandara, J., Meziani, J. M., & Bunker, C. E. (2002). Preparation and processing of nanoscale materials by supercritical fluid technology. In Supercritical fluid technology in materials science and engineering: Synthesis, properties, and applications (pp. 491–576). Marcel Dekker.
Tasis, D., Tagmatarchis, N., Bianco, A., & Prato, M. (2006). Chemistry of carbon nanotubes. Chemical Reviews, 106, 1105–1136.
Van Bruggen, C., Hexum, J. K., Tan, Z., Dalal, R. J., & Reineke, T. M. (2019). Nonviral gene delivery with cationic glycopolymers. Accounts of Chemical Research, 52(5), 1347–1358.
Velmurugan, P., Sivakumar, S., Young-Chae, S., Seong-Ho, J., Pyoung-In, Y., Jeong-Min, S., & Sung-Chul, H. (2015). Synthesis and characterization comparison of peanut shell extract silver nanoparticles with commercial silver nanoparticles and their antifungal activity. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 31, 51–54.
Vemavarapu, C., Mollan, M. J., Lodaya, M., & Needham, T. E. (2005). Design and process aspects of laboratory scale SCF particle formation systems. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 292(1–2), 1–16.
Wang, Y., He, X., Wang, K., Zhang, X., & Tan, W. (2009). Barbated Skullcup herb extract-mediated biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles and its primary application in electrochemistry. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 73(1), 75–79.
Wang, M., Cai, X., Yang, J., Wang, C., Tong, L., **ao, J., & Li, L. (2018). A targeted and pH-responsive bortezomib nanomedicine in the treatment of metastatic bone tumors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10(48), 41003–41011.
Weber, C., Coester, C., Kreuter, J., & Langer, K. (2000). Desolvation process and surface characterisation of protein nanoparticles. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 194(1), 91–102.
Were, L. M., Bruce, B. D., Davidson, P. M., & Weiss, J. (2003). Size, stability, and entrapment efficiency of phospholipid nanocapsules containing polypeptide antimicrobials. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(27), 8073–8079.
Wu, G., Barth, R. F., Yang, W., Chatterjee, M., Tjarks, W., Ciesielski, M. J., & Fenstermaker, R. A. (2004). Site-specific conjugation of boron-containing dendrimers to anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody cetuximab (IMC-C225) and its evaluation as a potential delivery agent for neutron capture therapy. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 15(1), 185–194.
**ang, S., Yang, P., Guo, H., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhu, F., & Li, Y. (2017). Green tea makes polyphenol nanoparticles with radical-scavenging activities. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 38(23), 1700446.
Yallapu, M. M., Gupta, B. K., Jaggi, M., & Chauhan, S. C. (2010). Fabrication of curcumin encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles for improved therapeutic effects in metastatic cancer cells. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 351(1), 19–29.
Zhang, Y., Fang, F., Li, L., & Zhang, J. (2020). Self-assembled organic nanomaterials for drug delivery, bioimaging, and cancer therapy. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 6(9), 4816–4833.
Zhao, D., Zhao, X., Zu, Y., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Jiang, R., & Zhang, Z. (2010). Preparation, characterization, and in vitro targeted delivery of folate-decorated paclitaxel-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 5, 669–677.
Zhou, N., Huo, F., Yue, Y., & Yin, C. (2020). Specific fluorescent probe based on “protect–deprotect” to visualize the norepinephrine signaling pathway and drug intervention tracers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142(41), 17751–17755.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sharma, A., Kumar, A., Singh, R., Saxena, R., Bharti, D. (2024). Green Synthesis of Organic Nanomaterials and Their Applications. In: Bhardwaj, A.K., Srivastav, A.L., Rai, S. (eds) Biogenic Wastes-Enabled Nanomaterial Synthesis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59083-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59083-2_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-59082-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-59083-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)