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Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Problems Related to the Gastrointestinal System (Alimentary Tract)

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Abstract

Injection of Botulinum toxins into the sphincters of the alimentary tract improves symptoms due to contraction and spasm of these circular muscles located in upper and lower esophagus, between stomach and small intestine, opening of bile duct to small intestine and the anal region (anal sphincter). Local injection of botulinum toxin can help healing of anal fissure.

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  1. Emeritus Professor of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Bahman Jabbari

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Jabbari, B. (2024). Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Problems Related to the Gastrointestinal System (Alimentary Tract). In: Botulinum Toxin Treatment . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54471-2_11

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