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Nutrition and Epigenetic Modifications During Pregnancy

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Molecular Mechanisms in Nutritional Epigenetics

Part of the book series: Epigenetics and Human Health ((EHH,volume 12))

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Abstract

During pregnancy, proper nutrition plays a vital role in maternal health and fetal development. However, emerging research suggests that nutrition can also influence epigenetic modifications, which are implicated in various health outcomes, including developmental disorders and chronic diseases. On the one hand, maternal nutrition can directly impact the fetal epigenome. For example, inadequate intake of folate and other methyl donors has been linked to altered DNA methylation patterns in the offspring. On the other hand, maternal nutrition can indirectly influence the epigenome through its effects on both maternal and fetal metabolic health. These alterations may contribute to an increased risk of metabolic disorders and chronic diseases in the offspring later in life. Emerging evidence suggests that maternal nutrition can also induce transgenerational epigenetic modifications, meaning that the effects may be passed on to subsequent generations. For these reasons, exploring the relationship between nutrition and epigenetic modifications during pregnancy is of utmost importance for prenatal care and public health initiatives. This field of research highlights the significance of a balanced and nutrient-rich diet for pregnant women to optimize pregnancy outcomes and to promote health of future generations.

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Abbreviations

5mC:

5-methylcytosine

ATGL:

Adipose triglyceride lipase

DNMTs:

DNA methyltransferases

FAD:

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

FATP1:

Fatty acid transport protein 1

FKBP5:

FK506 binding protein 5

GHSR:

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor

HATs:

Histone acetyltransferases

HDACs:

Histone deacetylases

IAP:

Intracisternal A-particle

IGF2:

Insulin-like growth factor 2

JmjC:

Jumonji C

LEP:

Leptin

LINE-1:

Long interspersed nucleotide element-1

LSD1:

Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs

PDK4:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4

PEG3:

Paternally expressed gene 3

PGC1α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α

piRNAs:

PIWI-interacting RNAs

PPARα:

Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α

RNAi:

RNA interference

RXRA:

Retinoid X receptor alpha

SAH:

S-adenosylhomocysteine

SAM:

S-adenosylmethionine

SGLT1:

Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1

siRNAs:

Small-interfering RNAs

snoRNAs:

Small nucleolar RNAs

TET:

Ten–eleven translocation

tRFs:

tRNA-derived fragments

tRNAs:

Transfer RNAs

tsRNAs:

tRNA-derived small RNAs

**st:

X inactive specific transcript

ZAC1:

Zinc-finger protein regulator of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest

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  1. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia,”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Andrea Maugeri, Martina Barchitta, Roberta Magnano San Lio, Giuliana Favara & Antonella Agodi

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  1. Andrea Maugeri
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    Luis M. Vaschetto

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Maugeri, A., Barchitta, M., Magnano San Lio, R., Favara, G., Agodi, A. (2024). Nutrition and Epigenetic Modifications During Pregnancy. In: Vaschetto, L.M. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms in Nutritional Epigenetics. Epigenetics and Human Health, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54215-2_5

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