Abstract
Biological mechanisms regulating normal growth, development, and nutrient utilization are programmed in utero for postnatal growth and adult function. An increasing body of evidence shows that epigenetic mechanisms drive developmental programming. Among the factors that underlie developmental programming, most studies have focused on maternal nutrition during critical developmental windows. Critical periods include the time surrounding conception, placentation, and organogenesis. Imbalances of key nutrients or other environmental factors can potentially leave epigenetic marks in the genome that can be carried forward through subsequent developmental stages and likely across generations. In this chapter, we address the complex interplay between nutrition, epigenomics, and physiological response to explore the impact of parental nutrition during the periconceptual period and throughout gestation on fetal organ development and metabolism. We will primarily focus on the development of both the hepatic and muscular systems of livestock species; however, relevant findings from human and animal models will also be integrated. The complex and intricate relationships among nutrition, epigenetics, and developmental programming warrant further exploration to fully dissect its mechanisms and implications.
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Abbreviations
- Akt:
-
Ak strain transforming (a serine/threonine protein kinase)
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- B2:
-
Vitamin B2, riboflavin
- B6:
-
Vitamin B6, pyridoxine
- B12:
-
Vitamin B12, cobalamin
- IGF:
-
Insulin-like growth factor
- IGF-1:
-
Insulin-like growth factor one
- IGF2:
-
Insulin-like growth factor two
- LG:
-
Low gain
- LP:
-
Low protein
- MG:
-
Moderate gain
- miRNAs:
-
MicroRNAs
- mTOR:
-
Mammalian target of rapamycin
- NADPH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NoVTM:
-
No supplementation of vitamin and mineral
- OCM:
-
One-carbon metabolism
- PAG:
-
Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins
- PI3K:
-
Phosphoinositide 3 kinase
- SAH:
-
S-adenosylhomocysteine
- SAM:
-
S-adenosylmethionine
- VEGFA-receptor 1:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1
- VTM:
-
Vitamin and mineral supplemented
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank our colleagues, including undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral fellows for their dedication. We also thank the many laboratory and farm personnel who have made such important contributions to these efforts. We are also thankful to the various sources of funding, including the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (NDAES), the North Dakota State Board of Agricultural Research and Education (SBARE), the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative of the USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO, USA. W.J.S.D. was financially supported by the Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 58-6010-1-005, by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station—Hatch program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture.
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Diniz, W.J.S. et al. (2024). Epigenetics and Nutrition: Molecular Mechanisms and Tissue Adaptation in Developmental Programming. In: Vaschetto, L.M. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms in Nutritional Epigenetics. Epigenetics and Human Health, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54215-2_4
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