SpringerLink
Log in

Environmental Conservation for Rural and Urban Development

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Prospects for Soil Regeneration and Its Impact on Environmental Protection

Part of the book series: Earth and Environmental Sciences Library ((EESL))

  • 138 Accesses

Abstract

In terms of economy, society, and the environment, both urban and rural regions are interconnected. One of the main sectors where there are strong links between rural and urban communities is ecological services. The careful investigation of a variety of empirical as well as theoretical research forms the basis of this essay. The many advantages that urban and rural regions receive from their connection are examined from the viewpoint of ecological services. The major goal was to clarify how using ecological services in rural regions might improve rural–urban connections. Usually, urban expansion cannot be imagined alongside rural development, particularly in areas where farming is the main sector. Rural areas are necessary for the existence of urban areas. Urban regions acquire nearly every aspect of their ecological services from rural regions. To meet their needs for nourishment, drinking water, timber, supplies of raw material, etc., since they are essentially byproducts of rural ecological services, urban regions depend on rural areas. It is important to acknowledge the benefits that urbanization offers to rural communities, including improved mobility to markets, agricultural supplies, employment possibilities, and more. Effectively planned “rural–urban” connectedness is necessary, according to the principle that growth in urban areas should not have any influence on the availability of services provided by rural ecosystems or rural living. To guarantee the long-term sustainability of assistance, rural region ecology requires being preserved, and rural residents should draw the attention of the government to the ecological benefits that these areas provide.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
EUR 29.95
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
EUR 149.79
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
EUR 192.59
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. World Bank (2019) Urban Development: Understanding Poverty. Retrieved from. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview. on July 05, 2019

  2. Davis B, Reardon T, Stamoulis K, Winters P (2002). Promoting farm/non-farm linkages for rural development: case studies from Africa and Latin America. Food Agric Organ U N (FAO)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Akkoyunlu S (2015) The potential of rural-urban linkages for sustainable development and trade. Int J Sustain Dev & World Policy 4(2):20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Mayer H, Habersetzer A, Meili R (2016) Rural–urban linkages and sustainable regional development: The role of entrepreneurs in linking peripheries and centers. Sustainability 8(8):745

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Tacoli C, Vorley B (2015) Reframing the debate on urbanization, rural transformation and food security. IIED Brief Pap-Int Inst Environ Dev (17281)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Howard E (2013) Garden Cities of To-Morrow. Routledge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  7. Von Braun J (2007) Rural-urban linkages for growth, employment, and poverty reduction. In: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA. Ethiopian Economic Association Fifth International Conference on the Ethiopian Economy pp 7–9

    Google Scholar 

  8. Alkire S, Chatterje M, Conconi A, Seth S, Vaz A (2014) Poverty in rural and urban areas: Direct comparisons using the global MPI

    Google Scholar 

  9. IIED (2018) Rural Urban Linkages. Retrieved from. https://www.iied.org/rural-urban-linkages on. (Accessed 10 December 2018).

  10. Jennings S, Cottee J, Curtis T, Miller S (2015) Food in an urbanised world: the role of city region food systems. Urban Agric Mag 29:5–7

    Google Scholar 

  11. Daily G (2003) What are ecosystem services Global environmental challenges for the twenty-first century: resources, consumption and sustainable solutions pp 227–231

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gómez-Baggethun E, Barton DN (2013) Classifying and valuing ecosystem services for urban planning. Ecol Econ 86:235–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. UN (2014) World's population increasingly urban with more than half living in urban areas. Retrieved, from. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/world-urbanization-prospects-2014.html. (Accessed 12 December 2018). on

  14. Locke H (2017) Smallholder farmers are the new global food frontier. Retrieved from. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/hugh-locke/smallholderfarmers-are-t_b_7865848.html

  15. FAO (2017) Rural areas, too long seen as poverty traps, key to economic growth in develo** countries. Retrieved 12 December, 2018. http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1042091/icode/.

  16. Argenti O (2000) Food for the cities: food supply and distribution policies to reduce urban food insecurity. A briefing guide for mayors, city executives and urban planners in develo** countries and countries in transition.“ Food into Cities” Collection, DT/43–00E

    Google Scholar 

  17. Satterthwaite D, McGranahan G, Tacoli C (2010) Urbanization and its implications for food and farming. Philosophical transactions of the royal society B: biological sciences 365(1554):2809–2820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Proctor FJ, Berdegué JA (2020) Food systems at the rural–urban interface. Handb Urban Food Secur Glob South 25:432

    Google Scholar 

  19. Mohapatra S, Ratha D, Silwal A (2011) Outlook for Remittance Flows 2011–13: Remittance flows recover to pre-crisis levels

    Google Scholar 

  20. Fan S, Hazell P (2001) Returns to public investments in the less-favored areas of India and China. Am J Agr Econ 83(5):1217–1222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. WHO (2017a) 2.1 Billion People Lack Safe Drinking Water at Home, More than Twice as Many Lack Safe Sanitation. Retrieved from. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/12-07-2017-2-1-billion-people-lack-safe-drinking-water-at-home-more-than-twice-as-many-lack-safe-sanitation. (Accessed 19 December 2018).on.

  22. UNDESA (2015) International Decade for Action Water for Life 2005–2015. Retrieved 15 December, 2018, from. http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/unwdpac.shtml

  23. Newborne P (2016) Water for cities and rural areas in contexts of climate variability: assessing paths to shared prosperity–the example of Burkina Faso. Field Actions Science Reports. The journal of field actions 14

    Google Scholar 

  24. Molle F, Berkoff J (2009) Cities vs. agriculture: A review of intersectoral water re‐allocation. In Nat Resour Forum 33(1):6–18

    Google Scholar 

  25. Jujnovsky J, González-Martínez TM, Cantoral-Uriza EA, Almeida-Leñero L (2012) Assessment of water supply as an ecosystem service in a rural-urban watershed in southwestern Mexico City. Environ Manage 49:690–702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Rosegrant MW, Ringler C (2000) Impact on food security and rural development of transferring water out of agriculture. Water Policy 1(6):567–586

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Garrod, Brian, Wornell, Roz, Youell, Ray (2006) Re-conceptualising rural resources as countryside capital: the case of rural tourism. J. Rural Stud. 22 (1), 117e128

    Google Scholar 

  28. FAO (2010) Agricultural Raw Materials: Natural Rubber. FAO, Rome, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  29. Goldemberg J, Coelho ST, Guardabassi P (2018) The sustainability of ethanol production from sugarcane. In Renewable Energy (3 pp 321–345)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Parmeggiani L (1989) Encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety. InEncyclopaedia of occupational health and safety pp 2538–2538

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kunkel D, McKinley C, Wright P (2010) The impact of industry self-regulation on the nutritional quality of foods advertised on television to children. Oakland, CA: Children Now

    Google Scholar 

  32. Roberts D, Majewski E, Sulewski P (2013) Farm household interactions with local economies: A comparison of two EU case study areas. Land Use Policy 31:156–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Harrison L (1993) The impact of the agricultural industry on the rural economy—tracking the spatial distribution of the farm inputs and outputs. J Rural Stud 9(1):81–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. FAO (2009) State of the world's forests: global demand for wood products. FAO, Rome, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  35. Scherr SJ (2004) Building opportunities for small-farm agroforestry to supply domestic wood markets in develo** countries. Agrofor Syst 61(1–3):357–370

    Google Scholar 

  36. Baker K, Bull GQ, Baylis K, Barichello R (2017) Towards a theoretical construct for modelling smallholders’ forestland-use decisions: what can we learn from agriculture and forest economics? 8(9):345

    Google Scholar 

  37. Morgan WB (1983) Urban demand: studying the commercial organization of wood fuel supplies

    Google Scholar 

  38. Brouwer R, Falcão MP (2004) Wood fuel consumption in Maputo, Mozambique. Biomass Bioenerg 27(3):233–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Liu Y, He S, Wu F, Webster C (2010) Urban villages under China’s rapid urbanization: Unregulated assets and transitional neighbourhoods. Habitat Int 34(2):135–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Koch P (1992) Wood versus nonwood materials in US residential construction; Some energy-related global implications. Forest Products Journal;(United States) 1;42(5)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Simonit S, Perrings C (2011) Sustainability and the value of the ‘regulating’services: Wetlands and water quality in Lake Victoria. Ecol Econ 70(6):1189–1199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Elmqvist T, Setälä H, Handel SN, van der Ploeg S, Aronson J, Blignaut JN, Gómez-Baggethun E, Nowak DJ, Kronenberg J, de Groot R (2015) Benefits of restoring ecosystem services in urban areas. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 14:101–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Nuissl H, Haase D, Lanzendorf M, Wittmer H (2009) Environmental impact assessment of urban land use transitions—A context-sensitive approach. Land Use Policy 26(2):414–424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Larondelle N, Haase D, Kabisch N (2014) Map** the diversity of regulating ecosystem services in European cities. Glob Environ Chang 26:119–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Smith P, Ashmore M, Black H, Burgess P, Evans C, Hails R, Potts SG, Quine T, Thomson A (2011) Regulating Services. UK Natl Ecosyst Assess Tech Rep, pp 535–596. UK National Ecosystem Assessment, UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  46. D’Amato G, Cecchi L, D’amato M, Liccardi G (2010) Urban air pollution and climate change as environmental risk factors of respiratory allergy: an update. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 20(2):95–102

    Google Scholar 

  47. Dodman D (2009) Blaming cities for climate change? An analysis of urban greenhouse gas emissions inventories. Environ Urban 21(1):185–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Smith P, Ashmore MR, Black HI, Burgess PJ, Evans CD, Quine TA, Thomson AM, Hicks K, Orr HG (2013) The role of ecosystems and their management in regulating climate, and soil, water and air quality. J Appl Ecol 50(4):812–829

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Kleidon A, Fraedrich K, Heimann M (2000) A green planet versus a desert world: Estimating the maximum effect of vegetation on the land surface climate. Clim Change 44:471–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Betts RA (2000) Offset of the potential carbon sink from boreal forestation by decreases in surface albedo. Nature 408(6809):187–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. De Groot RS, Wilson MA, Boumans RM (2002) A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecol Econ 41(3):393–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. McPherson EG, Nowak DJ, Rowntree RA (1994) Chicago's urban forest ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project.(Includes executive summary). Forest Service general technical report (Final). Forest Service, Delaware, OH (United States). Northeastern Forest Experiment Station pp186

    Google Scholar 

  53. Pramova E, Locatelli B, Djoudi H, Somorin OA (2012) Forests and trees for social adaptation to climate variability and change. Wiley Interdiscip Rev: Clim Chang 3(6):581–596

    Google Scholar 

  54. Rizwan AM, Dennis LY, Chunho LI (2008) A review on the generation, determination and mitigation of Urban Heat Island. J Environ Sci 20(1):120–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Jenerette GD, Harlan SL, Stefanov WL, Martin CA (2011) Ecosystem services and urban heat riskscape moderation: water, green spaces, and social inequality in Phoenix, USA. Ecol Appl 21(7):2637–2651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Warran A, Patwardhan A (2001) Carbon sequestration potential of trees in and around Pune city. University of Pune, Case study Department of Environmental Sciences

    Google Scholar 

  57. Lal R (2004) Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma 123(1–2):1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Nowak DJ, Crane DE (2002) Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environ Pollut 116(3):381–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Akbari H, Menon S, Rosenfeld A (2009) Global cooling: increasing world-wide urban albedos to offset CO2. Clim Change 94(3–4):275–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Ugle P, Rao S, Ramachandra TV (2010) Carbon sequestration potential of urban trees. Proceedings of the Lake pp 1–2

    Google Scholar 

  61. Rathore A, Jasrai YT (2013) Urban green patches as carbon sink: Gujarat University Campus, Ahmedabad. Indian J Fundam Appl Life Sci 3(1):208–213

    Google Scholar 

  62. Aronica GT, Franza F, Bates PD, Neal JC (2012) Probabilistic evaluation of flood hazard in urban areas using Monte Carlo simulation. Hydrol Process 26(26):3962–3972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Fernández DS, Lutz MA (2010) Urban flood hazard zoning in Tucumán Province, Argentina, using GIS and multicriteria decision analysis. Eng Geol 111(1–4):90–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Dolidon N, Hofer T, Jansky L, Sidle R (2009) Watershed and forest management for landslide risk reduction. Landslides–disaster risk reduction pp 633–649

    Google Scholar 

  65. Renaud FG, Sudmeier-Rieux K, Estrella M (2013) The role of ecosystems in disaster risk reduction. United Nations University Press

    Google Scholar 

  66. Sakals ME, Innes JL, Wilford DJ, Sidle RC, Grant GE (2006) The role of forests in reducing hydrogeomorphic hazards. For Snow Landsc Res 80(1):11–22

    Google Scholar 

  67. Kivaisi AK (2001) The potential for constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and reuse in develo** countries: a review. Ecol Eng 16(4):545–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Stottmeister U, Wießner A, Kuschk P, Kappelmeyer U, Kästner M, Bederski O, Müller RA, Moormann H (2003) Effects of plants and microorganisms in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Biotechnol Adv 22(1–2):93–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Denny P (1997) Implementation of constructed wetlands in develo** countries. Water science growth and nutrient uptake of eight emergent species. Ecol Eng 7:59–83

    Google Scholar 

  70. Massoud MA, Tarhini A, Nasr JA (2009) Decentralized approaches to wastewater treatment and management: applicability in develo** countries. J Environ Manage 90(1):652–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Bot A, Benites J (2005) The importance of soil organic matter: Key to drought-resistant soil and sustained food production. Food & Agric Org

    Google Scholar 

  72. Sanchez PA, Shepherd KD, Soule MJ, Place FM, Buresh RJ, Izac AM, Uzo Mokwunye A, Kwesiga FR, Ndiritu CG, Woomer PL (1997) Soil fertility replenishment in Africa: an investment in natural resource capital. Replenishing soil fertility in Africa 51:1–46

    Google Scholar 

  73. Razafindrabe BH, He B, Inoue S, Ezaki T, Shaw R (2010) The role of forest stand density in controlling soil erosion: implications to sediment-related disasters in Japan. Environ Monit Assess 160:337–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. FAO (2015) Forests and forest soils: an essential contribution to agricultural production and global food security international year of soils. Retrieved from. http://www.fao.org/soils-2015/news/news-detail/en/c/285569/

  75. WHO (2017) Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. World Health Organ, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  76. Pretty J, Griffin M, Peacock J, Hine R, Sellens M, South N (2005) A countryside for health and wellbeing: the physical and mental health benefits of green exercise–executive summary. Countryside Recreation Network

    Google Scholar 

  77. Butler R, Hall CM, Jenkins J (1998) Tourism and recreation in rural areas. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  78. Vanslembrouck I, Van Huylenbroeck G, Van Meensel J (2005) Impact of agriculture on rural tourism: a hedonic pricing approach. J Agric Econ 56(1):17–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Blangy S, Mehta H (2006) Ecotourism and ecological restoration. J Nat Conserv 14(3–4):233–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Che D (2006) Develo** ecotourism in First World, resource-dependent areas. Geoforum 37(2):212–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Urban MC, Skelly DK, Burchsted D, Price W, Lowry S (2006) Stream communities across a rural–urban landscape gradient. Divers Distrib 12(4):337–350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Bailey R (2018) Nutrients cycle through the environment. https://www.thoughtco.com/all-about-the-nutrient-cycle-373411

  83. IPBES (2018) The regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Africa: Summary for Policy Makers. IPBES Secretariat, Bonn, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  84. Field CB, Behrenfeld MJ, Randerson JT, Falkowski P (1998) Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components. Science 281(5374):237–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Worm B, Barbier EB, Beaumont N, Duffy JE, Folke C, Halpern BS, Jackson JB, Lotze HK, Micheli F, Palumbi SR, Sala E (2006) Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science 314(5800):787–790

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Sandhu HS, Wratten SD, Cullen R (2010) The role of supporting ecosystem services in conventional and organic arable farmland. Ecol Complex 7(3):302–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Vikrama Simhapuri University College, Kavali-524201, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Srinivasan Kameswaran

  2. Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

    Bellamkonda Ramesh

  3. Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri DevarajUrs Academy of Higher Education and Research (A Deemed to Be University), Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, 563103, India

    Manjunatha Bangeppagari

Authors
  1. Srinivasan Kameswaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bellamkonda Ramesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Manjunatha Bangeppagari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bellamkonda Ramesh .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria

    Sesan Abiodun Aransiola

  2. Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Ogbomoso, Nigeria

    Babafemi Raphael Babaniyi

  3. Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

    Adejoke Blessing Aransiola

  4. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador

    Naga Raju Maddela

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kameswaran, S., Ramesh, B., Bangeppagari, M. (2024). Environmental Conservation for Rural and Urban Development. In: Aransiola, S.A., Babaniyi, B.R., Aransiola, A.B., Maddela, N.R. (eds) Prospects for Soil Regeneration and Its Impact on Environmental Protection . Earth and Environmental Sciences Library. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53270-2_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation