Abstract
Sizing is a necessary process imparting required strength, smoothness, abrasion, and static charge resistance to warp yarns so that weaving process could be achieved effectively. However, consuming a large amount of water and energy and generating wastewater during sizing/desizing processes are some of the major concerns from the view of sustainability. Toxicity potential and non-biodegradability of sizing/desizing chemicals are other main drawbacks. Starch and starch derivatives, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), acrylic, and wax are conventional sizing agents, used alone or combined form. Amongst this group, starch is less harmful to the environment, but its sizing performance is weak. Starch derivatives and polyacrylates are known for their proven sizing performance while having high cost and doubtful environmental influence. Similarly, PVA is also known for its outstanding sizing performance counter to high water pollution risk. For the purposes of co** with the drawbacks of the process and acquiring the recipe giving optimum sizing performance, intensive attempts have been carried out both by technology providers and researchers. For this motive, sizing machine manufacturers pursue energy efficient and less waste water/chemical generated technologies. On the other hand, some researchers focus on optimization and development of green recipes to consume less water/energy and reduce the amount of used sizing/desizing chemicals; some others seek out reusing or recycling both of sizing/desizing chemicals and wastewater. Further studies are even expanded to dry and clean edge technologies such as atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) treatment to compete for environmental hazards of sizing processes. Additionally, some other studies focus on sustainable desizing techniques such as APP, ultrasound-assisted, supercritical carbon dioxide, ozone treatment, and microwave-assisted washing systems. Besides the abovementioned recipe improvements and green application studies, novel studies about bio-based and biodegradable sizing agents, including corn gluten, soy protein, keratin, collagen, casein, chitosan, and alginate, can be accounted as emerging agents. In this chapter, environmental impacts of sizing/desizing process, conventionally used sizing agents, sustainable approaches to sizing/desizing process, and novel bio-based and biodegradable sizing agents will be discussed with future projections in detail.
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Var, C., Palamutcu, S. (2024). Sustainable Approaches in Textile-Sizing Process. In: Muthu, S.S. (eds) Sustainable Manufacturing Practices in the Textiles and Fashion Sector. Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51362-6_3
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