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Toxic Contamination Caused by Plastic Waste in Countries of the Global South

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Plastic Waste Trade

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Abstract

The transfer of plastic waste from developed to develo** countries poses a significant environmental problem due to the difficulty in handling the waste, which often contains hazardous chemical additives. Plastics from used electronics and consumer products, especially those containing flame retardants, are of particular concern, as they release toxic substances like polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and brominated dioxins (PBDD/Fs) into the environment. Numerous studies have identified thousands of chemicals in plastics, many of which are not adequately regulated globally. Develo** countries, lacking appropriate disposal technologies, often resort to open burning to extract metals from plastic waste, causing the release of even more toxic chemicals, including dioxins. Global flows of pollutants like PBDEs have been observed, showing a transfer of emissions from developed to develo** regions. These chemicals contaminate food chains and pose health risks to local communities. One concerning practice is the use of plastic waste as fuel in local industries, releasing toxic pollutants like dioxins and furans. Free-range chicken eggs, sensitive indicators of contamination, have revealed significant levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at various sites impacted by plastic waste disposal. E-waste, a major source of plastic waste treated with brominated flame retardants (BFRs), is also improperly recycled in low-income countries, resulting in further pollution. To combat this issue, better waste management practices, including improved regulation and disposal methods, are crucial. Develo** countries must address the hazardous implications of plastic waste importation and find sustainable solutions to prevent environmental and health hazards caused by improper waste disposal. Increasing volumes of plastic waste and toxic chemical releases globally led to the conclusion that humanity is currently operating outside the planetary boundary.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Dioxins are a large group of unintentionally produced POPs of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). They are listed under Stockholm Convention in Annex C. This term also includes often another group of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl PCBs). We will use the acronym PCDD/Fs in our text.

  2. 2.

    Part V, Annex C, of the Stockholm Convention names the following measure among the general prevention measures relating to both best available techniques and best environmental practices: “Replacement of feed materials which are persistent organic pollutants or where there is a direct link between the materials and releases of persistent organic pollutants from the source.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Arnika – Toxics and Waste Programme, Prague 3, Czech Republic

    **drich Petrlik

  2. International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN), Göteborg, Sweden

    **drich Petrlik, Bjorn Beeler & Lee Bell

  3. Nexus3 Foundation, Bali, Indonesia

    Yuyun Ismawati

Authors
  1. **drich Petrlik
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  2. Bjorn Beeler
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  3. Yuyun Ismawati
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  4. Lee Bell
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Correspondence to Yuyun Ismawati .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye

    Sedat Gündoğdu

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Petrlik, J., Beeler, B., Ismawati, Y., Bell, L. (2024). Toxic Contamination Caused by Plastic Waste in Countries of the Global South. In: Gündoğdu, S. (eds) Plastic Waste Trade. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51358-9_6

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