Abstract
In modern vehicle concepts, lightweight materials that can withstand elevated temperatures are of great importance, e.g., for battery trays and motor housings. Despite their low density, high specific strength, and good thermal conductivity, magnesium alloys are of limited use because they often exhibit unsatisfactory creep behavior at temperatures above 100 °C. Wrought products are particularly affected, as they exhibit pronounced recrystallisation and grain growth in such environments. To mitigate this behavior, Ca can be used to improve the creep resistance of Mg–Al alloys. Here we have used short-term creep experiments to evaluate the performance of multiple extruded Mg–Ca–Al alloys at 150 °C. Our mechanical investigations and microstructural analysis show that the Ca-containing alloys have superior properties at elevated temperatures compared to AZ31.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rothe R, Hameyer K. Life expectancy calculation for electric vehicle traction motors regarding dynamic temperature and driving cycles. 2011 IEEE Int. Electr. Mach. Drives Conf. IEMDC, 2011, p. 1306–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2011.5994793.
Pekguleryuz MO, Baril E. Creep Resistant Magnesium Diecasting Alloys Based on Alkaline Earth Elements. Mater Trans 2001;42:1258–67. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.42.1258.
Powell BR, Rezhets V, Balogh MP, Waldo RA. Microstructure and creep behavior in AE42 magnesium die-casting alloy. JOM 2002;54:34–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02711864.
Nami B, Shabestari SG, Razavi H, Mirdamadi Sh, Miresmaeili SM. Effect of Ca, RE elements and semi-solid processing on the microstructure and creep properties of AZ91 alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 2011;528:1261–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.10.004.
Zhu SM, Gibson MA, Easton MA, Nie JF. The relationship between microstructure and creep resistance in die-cast magnesium–rare earth alloys. Scr Mater 2010;63:698–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.02.005.
**g B, Yangshan S, Shan X, Feng X, Tianbai Z. Microstructure and tensile creep behavior of Mg–4Al based magnesium alloys with alkaline-earth elements Sr and Ca additions. Mater Sci Eng A 2006;419:181–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.12.017.
Dargusch MS, Dunlop GL, Bowles AL, Pettersen K, Bakke P. The effect of silicon content on the microstructure and creep behavior in die-cast magnesium AS alloys. Metall Mater Trans A 2004;35:1905–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0099-3.
Mohammadi Mazraeshahi E, Nami B, Miresmaeili SM, Tabatabaei SM. Effect of Si on the creep properties of AZ61 cast magnesium alloy. Mater Des 2015;76:64–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.03.021.
Blum W, Zhang P, Watzinger B, Grossmann B v, Haldenwanger HG. Comparative study of creep of the die-cast Mg-alloys AZ91, AS21, AS41, AM60 and AE42. Mater Sci Eng A 2001;319–321:735–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(00)02016-5.
Gneiger S, Papenberg NP, Arnoldt AR, Schlögl CM, Fehlbier M. Investigations of High-Strength Mg–Al–Ca–Mn Alloys with a Broad Range of Ca+Al Contents. Materials 2021;14:5439. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185439.
Xu SW, Oh-ishi K, Kamado S, Uchida F, Homma T, Hono K. High-strength extruded Mg–Al–Ca–Mn alloy. Scr Mater 2011;65:269–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.04.026.
DIN EN ISO 204:2019–04, Metallische Werkstoffe_- Einachsiger Zeitstandversuch unter Zugbeanspruchung_- Prüfverfahren (ISO_204:2018); Deutsche Fassung EN_ISO_204:2018. Beuth Verlag GmbH; n.d. https://doi.org/10.31030/2853768.
Nietsch JA, Papenberg NP, Cerny A, Ott AC, Grabner F, Gneiger S. Applicability of a deformation dilatometer for short time creep experiments of magnesium alloys. Mater Test 2023;65:652–61. https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0339.
Raynor GV. The physical metallurgy of magnesium and its alloys. New York: Pergamon Press; 1959.
Suzuki A, Saddock ND, TerBush JR, Powell BR, Jones JW, Pollock TM. Precipitation Strengthening of a Mg-Al-Ca–Based AXJ530 Die-cast Alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 2008;39:696–702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9455-4.
Homma T, Nakawaki S, Oh-ishi K, Hono K, Kamado S. Unexpected influence of Mn addition on the creep properties of a cast Mg–2Al–2Ca (mass%) alloy. Acta Mater 2011;59:7662–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.08.049.
Zhu SM, Abbott TB, Gibson MA, Nie JF, Easton MA. The influence of minor Mn additions on creep resistance of die-cast Mg–Al–RE alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 2017;682:535–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.11.075.
Chu A, Zhao Y, Ud-Din R, Hu H, Zhi Q, Wang Z. Microstructure and Properties of Mg–Al–Ca–Mn Alloy with High Ca/Al Ratio Fabricated by Hot Extrusion. Materials 2021;14:5230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185230.
Zhu S, Easton MA, Abbott TB, Nie J-F, Dargusch MS, Hort N, et al. Evaluation of Magnesium Die-Casting Alloys for Elevated Temperature Applications: Microstructure, Tensile Properties, and Creep Resistance. Metall Mater Trans A 2015;46:3543–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-2946-9.
Acknowledgements
The authors thankfully acknowledge the work done by the technical staff at the LKR Ranshofen and Aurel Arnoldt for his assistance in making the SEM images.
Funding
This research was performed within the project “Data-T-Rex” (Wi-2021-305676/13-Au), co-financed by research subsidies granted by the government of Upper Austria.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gneiger, S., Nietsch, J.A., Papenberg, N. (2024). Investigations on Creep Behavior of Extruded Mg–Ca–Al Alloys. In: Leonard, A., Barela, S., Neelameggham, N.R., Miller, V.M., Tolnai, D. (eds) Magnesium Technology 2024. TMS 2024. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50240-8_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50240-8_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-50239-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-50240-8
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)