Abstract
Gait asymmetry provides a quantitative indication of differences between the right and left lower kinematic chain during a walking. The asymmetry during the pathological gait of subjects wearing prostheses or orthoses may vary according to walking speeds. This work presents the differences in the asymmetry of affected and unaffected lower limbs in pathological gait at high and low speeds validated in subjects with pros-theses and lower limb orthoses. Two datasets were used, the first recorded 18 subjects wearing prostheses after above-knee amputation (recorded with 3D cameras) between speeds 0.4 and 1.4 m/s, and the second recorded a pathological gait simulation on 5 healthy subjects wearing KAFO orthoses (recorded with inertial sensors) at speeds 1.8 and 3.1 m/s. Temporal Asymmetry and Normalized Cross-Correlation (CCnorm) methods were used to estimate asymmetry. Additionally, a statistical study was performed to evaluate whether there were significant differences between high-speed and low-speed asymmetry values. The results allow us to conclude that the asymmetry between the affected and unaffected limb at high speed tends to present more significant asymmetry than at low speed. However, these differences were not statistically significant (\(p<0.05\)). Nevertheless, the experimental results may support future clinical applications based on lower limb rehabilitation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zanchi, V., Papic, V., Cecić, M.: Quantitative human gait analysis. Simul. Pract. Theory 8(1–2), 127–139 (2000)
Whittle, M.W.: An Introduction to Gait Analysis, 4th edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, England (2006)
Akhtaruzzaman, M.D., Shafie, A.A., Raisuddin Khan, M.: Gait analysis: systems, technologies, and importance. J. Mech. Med. Biol. 16(07), 1630003 (2016)
Adams, J.M., Cerny, K.: Observational Gait Analysis. Slack Incorporated (2018)
Gouwanda, D., Arosha Senanayake, S.M.N.: Identifying gait asymmetry using gyroscopes—a cross-correlation and Normalized Symmetry Index approach. J. Biomech. 44(5), 972–978 (2011)
Gong, Y., Park, K.: Bilateral gait asymmetry in patients with Hallux Valgus using normalized cross-correlation function. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 22(2), 373–382 (2021)
Rozanski, G.M., et al.: Longitudinal change in spatiotemporal gait symmetry after discharge from inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Disabil. Rehabil. 42(5), 705–711 (2020)
Ogihara, H., et al.: Kinematic gait asymmetry assessment using joint angle data in patients with chronic stroke—a normalized cross-correlation approach. Gait Posture 80, 168–173 (2020)
Gailey, R., et al.: Review of secondary physical conditions associated with lower-limb amputation and long-term prosthesis use. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 45(1) (2008)
Kirmizi, M., et al.: Gait speed and gait asymmetry in individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain. Musculoskeletal Sci. Pract. 41, 23–27 (2019)
Garcia, S.A., et al.: Gait asymmetries are exacerbated at faster walking speeds in individuals with acute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J. Orthop. Res. 40(1), 219–230 (2022)
Wang, Y., et al.: Gait characteristics of post-stroke hemiparetic patients with different walking speeds. Int. J. Rehabil. Res. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation 43(1), 69 (2020)
Hood, S., et al.: A kinematic and kinetic dataset of 18 above-knee amputees walking at various speeds. Sci. Data 7(1), 1–8 (2020)
Contini, R., Drillis, R.J., Bluestein, M.: Determination of body segment parameters. Hum. Factors 5(5), 493–504 (1963)
Castaneda, J.J., et al.: Knee joint angle monitoring system based on inertial measurement units for human gait analysis. In: VII Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2016, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia, 26–28 Oct 2016, pp. 690–693. Springer (2017)
Zhang, H., Qian, J., Shen, L., et al.: Research on healthy subject gait cycle phase at different walking speeds. In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), pp. 1349–1354. IEEE (2012)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Vicerrectoría de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación - VCTI of Antonio Nariño University (UAN/Colombia) for the support to this research, and FAPES/I2CA (Resolution \({\text {N}}^{\circ }\) 285/2021) for the MSc scholarships awarded to the second and fourth authors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Jaramillo-Isaza, S., Guerrero-Mendez, C.D., Montealegre, L.V., Blanco-Diaz, C.F., Bastos-Filho, T.F., Ruiz-Olaya, A.F. (2024). Estimation of Pathological Gait Asymmetry of Lower-Limb Prosthetic Users at High and Low Walking Speeds. In: Marques, J.L.B., Rodrigues, C.R., Suzuki, D.O.H., Marino Neto, J., García Ojeda, R. (eds) IX Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering and XXVIII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering. CLAIB CBEB 2022 2022. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 100. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49407-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49407-9_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-49406-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-49407-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)