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Occurrence and Toxicity of Organic Microcontaminants in Agricultural Perspective: An Overview

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Organic Micropollutants in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments

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Abstract

Organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) are an increasing global concern that contaminate important environmental matrices. The OMPs in agriculture include di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol mono-ethoxylate (NP1EO), and diethoxylates (NP2EO), polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and linear alkyl benzene sulphonates (LAS), microplastic (styrene-based polymer, polyesters, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (like DDT, heptachlor, and aldrin), flunixin (veterinary drug), herbicides (Diuron, mecoprop, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), and terbuthylazine (pesticides). OMPs enter the soil-water ecosystem via a variety of routes, including irrigation water in agricultural settings, the discharge of expired pharmaceuticals, the use of biosolids or animal excreta, sewage effluent, and industrial operations, among others. Furthermore, OMPs enter the food chain via a variety of pathways, including groundwater, agricultural soil, and irrigated water. All of these contaminants’ final host is soil, where soil microbes break them down biologically. Adding chemicals can speed up the process, but using physical methods to remove OMPs is expensive. These OMPs disrupt different soil biogeochemical processes, harm soil quality and microbial diversity, and cause genetic alterations in the microbial ecology. The persistence of the OMP raises the risk to human health as it moves up the food chain. Limitations on the release of new OMPs into the environment are not yet available to develo** nations. This needs to be taken into consideration to establish limitations based on scientific evidence. This chapter focuses on the prevalence and concentration patterns of organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) in agricultural fields, as well as their routes of transfer to agricultural land and associated control measures.

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Abbreviations

DEHP:

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

LAS:

Linear alkyl benzene sulphonates

NP:

Nonylphenol

NP1EO:

Nonylphenol mono-ethoxylate

NP2EO:

Nonylphenol di-ethoxylate

NPE:

Nonylphenol ethoxylates

OCPs:

Organochlorine pesticides

OMPs:

Organic micro-pollutants

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PCBs:

Polychlorinated biphenyls

PCDD:

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins

TCS:

Triclosan

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to all of the researchers listed in the cited publications for their valuable contributions to increasing our understanding of organic micro-contaminants associated with agricultural areas. Furthermore, the authors thank the editors and book reviewers for making constructive suggestions that considerably improved the quality of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

    Hardik Giri Gosai, Foram Jadeja, Asha Sharma & Shilpi Jain

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Correspondence to Hardik Giri Gosai .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Studies, Delhi College of Arts and Commerce, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Rahul Bhadouria

  2. Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Sachchidanand Tripathi

  3. Department of Environmental Studies, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Pardeep Singh

  4. Amity School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Amity University Punjab, Mohali, India

    Rishikesh Singh

  5. Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Harminder Pal Singh

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Gosai, H.G., Jadeja, F., Sharma, A., Jain, S. (2024). Occurrence and Toxicity of Organic Microcontaminants in Agricultural Perspective: An Overview. In: Bhadouria, R., Tripathi, S., Singh, P., Singh, R., Singh, H.P. (eds) Organic Micropollutants in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48977-8_6

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