Abstract
Structural and non-structural measures might be implemented to protect elements at risk against debris-flow hazards. However, despite centuries of forestry and empirical soil conservation works, as well as decades of research on debris-flow processes, defining protection strategies against debris flows remains complicated. How to select and tailor protection measures is still a very active research topic. This chapter covers recent advances regarding the design and maintenance of structural mitigation measures. In essence, we provide a framework and elements to help define mitigation strategies. We briefly describe how design events can be selected in view of the mitigation of adverse consequences and risk (see Strouth et al., this volume). We also discuss the importance of accounting for routine events and rare events stronger than the design events to increase the robustness of the system against operational failure (e.g., excessive maintenance costs and environmental side effects), sudden failure or unexpected behaviour during overloading. The second part explains how functional analysis of the current debris-flow channel must be conducted to understand the initiation of channel malfunctioning and the associated cascading processes leading to widespread debris-flow hazards. This step enables one to identify the adaptations required to mitigate them with minimal actions. The main part of the chapter is then a review of the various types of structural measures than can be implemented, explaining in detail their main function, and how they can be used to cope with specific, targeted malfunctions. This framework and catalogue will help users select the type, location and main features of the measures to implement.
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Acknowledgements
The work of G.P. was funded by the European Union through the FEDER-POIA program and by state funds through the FNADT-CIMA program both within the research project HYDRODEMO. We thank Stanimir Kostadinov, Emily Erin Mark and the French torrent control service—ONF-RTM—for sharing and allowing us to reuse pictures of structures, Matthias Busslinger and Damien Kuss for comments on previous versions of this chapter as well as Matthias Jakob, Scott McDougall and Paul Santi for a thorough review and numerous stimulating comments on the first version of this chapter. We dedicate this chapter to the memory of Matthias Jakob who invited us to prepare it in 2019: we made our best to honour his trust.
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Piton, G., D’Agostino, V., Horiguchi, T., Ikeda, A., Hübl, J. (2024). Functional Design of Mitigation Measures: From Design Event Definition to Targeted Process Modifications. In: Jakob, M., McDougall, S., Santi, P. (eds) Advances in Debris-flow Science and Practice. Geoenvironmental Disaster Reduction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48691-3_15
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