Abstract
This chapter aims to present how health is considered within the United Nations legal and policy framework to counter trafficking in persons. It touches upon the physical and emotional health of victims, the role of the health sector in preventing and responding to the crime, the links between healthcare and criminal justice, and how healthcare relates to criminal justice. The chapter elaborates on legal obligations stemming from international conventions, but also soft-law considerations on the importance of addressing the health dimension of trafficking in persons. Finally, the chapter presents the response of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in this respect.
The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations.
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Notes
- 1.
See inter alia: World Health Organization, Addressing human trafficking through health systems: a sco** review, 2023.
- 2.
UNODC Model Legislative Provisions available at https://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/2020/TiP_ModelLegislativeProvisions_Final.pdf (Accessed May 2023). UNODC published the Model Law against Trafficking in Persons in response to the request of the General Assembly to promote and support the ratification of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol first in 2009 and later one a revised version. This publication is one way that UNODC supports Member States to better understand and apply the Trafficking in Persons Protocol.
- 3.
See inter alia: World Health Organization, Addressing human trafficking through health systems: a sco** review, 2023.
- 4.
CTOC/COP/WG.4/2009/2, para. 13. For more see Trafficking in Persons: Compendium and Thematic Index of Recommendations, Resolutions and Decisions at https://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/CompendiumCop/English_TiP.pdf (Accessed May 2023).
- 5.
See also EIGE, Gender-specific measures in anti-trafficking actions, 2018, p. 29.
- 6.
For more information see UNODC Strategy 2021–2025, available at https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/strategy/full-strategy.html (Accessed May 2023).
- 7.
For example, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and its three protocols on Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, Smuggling of Migrants and Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition; United Nations Convention against Corruption, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, the 19 international legal instruments against terrorism. In addition, mandates stem from various key normative documents of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, and various UN Resolutions.
- 8.
UNODC, Anti-Human Trafficking Manual for Criminal Justice Practitioners, available at https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/2009/anti-human-trafficking-manual.html (Accessed May 2023).
- 9.
UNODC, Case Digest on Evidential Issues in Trafficking in Persons Cases, available at https://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/2017/Case_Digest_Evidential_Issues_in_Trafficking.pdf (Accessed May 2023).
- 10.
U.S. v. Alzanki, 54F.3d 994 (1st Cir. 1995), United States of America.
- 11.
R. v. Connors and others [2013], EWCA Crim. 324, Court of Appeal, Criminal Division, 26 March 2013, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
- 12.
Resolution A/RES/64/293.
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Sakelliadou, Z. (2024). Addressing Health in the United Nations Legal and Policy Framework Against Trafficking in Persons. In: Fiander, A., Lasonder, J. (eds) Health and Slavery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48319-6_18
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