Abstract
Runtime Verification is a formal method to check a run of a system against a specification. To this end, a monitor is generated from the specification checking the system under scrutiny. Typically, runtime verification is used for checking executions of programs. However, it may equally be well suited for runs of robotic systems, most of which are built and controlled on top of the Robot Operating System (ROS). In stream runtime verification the specifications are given as stream transformations and this approach has become popular recently with several stream runtime verification systems starting from LOLA having emerged. This paper introduces the TeSSLa-ROS-Bridge, which allows to interact with ROS-based robotic systems via the temporal stream-based specification language TeSSLa.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
OMG Data Distribution Service (DDS), Version 1.4. Standard, Object Management Group (2015)
DDS Security, Version 1.1. Standard, Object Management Group (2018)
Baheti, R., Gill, H.: Cyber-physical systems. .Impact Control Technol. 12(1), 161–166 (2011)
Bartocci, E., Falcone, Y. (eds.): Lectures on Runtime Verification - Introductory and Advanced Topics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 10457. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75632-5
Baumeister, J., Finkbeiner, B., Schirmer, S., Schwenger, M., Torens, C.: RTLola cleared for take-off: monitoring autonomous aircraft. In: Lahiri, S.K., Wang, C. (eds.) CAV 2020. LNCS, vol. 12225, pp. 28–39. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53291-8_3
Convent, L., Hungerecker, S., Leucker, M., Scheffel, T., Schmitz, M., Thoma, D.: TeSSLa: temporal stream-based specification language. In: Massoni, T., Mousavi, M.R. (eds.) SBMF 2018. LNCS, vol. 11254, pp. 144–162. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03044-5_10
D’Angelo, B., et al.: LOLA: runtime monitoring of synchronous systems. In: 12th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2005), 23–25 June 2005, Burlington, Vermont, USA, pp. 166–174. IEEE Computer Society (2005). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIME.2005.26
Dosovitskiy, A., Ros, G., Codevilla, F., López, A.M., Koltun, V.: CARLA: an open urban driving simulator. In: CoRL. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, vol. 78, pp. 1–16. PMLR (2017)
Faymonville, P., et al.: StreamLAB: stream-based monitoring of cyber-physical systems. In: Dillig, I., Tasiran, S. (eds.) CAV 2019. LNCS, vol. 11561, pp. 421–431. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25540-4_24
Fazzari, K.: ROS 2 DDS-security integration (2020). https://design.ros2.org/articles/ros2_dds_security.html. Accessed 16 Sept 2023
Ferrando, A., Cardoso, R.C., Fisher, M., Ancona, D., Franceschini, L., Mascardi, V.: ROSMonitoring: a runtime verification framework for ROS. In: Mohammad, A., Dong, X., Russo, M. (eds.) TAROS 2020. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 12228, pp. 387–399. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63486-5_40
Friese, M.J., Kallwies, H., Leucker, M., Sachenbacher, M., Streichhahn, H., Thoma, D.: Runtime verification of AUTOSAR timing extensions. In: Abdeddaïm, Y., Cucu-Grosjean, L., Nelissen, G., Pautet, L. (eds.) RTNS 2022: The 30th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, Paris, France, 7–8 June 2022, pp. 173–183. ACM (2022). https://doi.org/10.1145/3534879.3534898
Gorostiaga, F., Sánchez, C.: Stream runtime verification of real-time event streams with the Striver language. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transfer 23, 157–183 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-021-00605-3
Jaksic, S., Bartocci, E., Grosu, R., Nguyen, T., Nickovic, D.: Quantitative monitoring of STL with edit distance. Formal Methods Syst. Des. 53(1), 83–112 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-018-0319-x
Kallwies, H., Leucker, M., Sánchez, C.: Symbolic runtime verification for monitoring under uncertainties and assumptions. In: Bouajjani, A., Holík, L., Wu, Z. (eds.) ATVA 2022. LNCS, vol. 13505, pp. 117–134. Springer, Cham (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19992-9_8
Kallwies, H., Leucker, M., Schmitz, M., Schulz, A., Thoma, D., Weiss, A.: TeSSLa - an ecosystem for runtime verification. In: Dang, T., Stolz, V. (eds.) RV 2022. LNCS, vol. 13498, pp. 314–324. Springer, Cham (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17196-3_20
Kharraz, K.Y., Leucker, M., Schneider, G.: Timed dyadic deontic logic. In: Erich, S. (ed.) Legal Knowledge and Information Systems - JURIX 2021: The Thirty-fourth Annual Conference, Vilnius, Lithuania, 8–10 December 2021. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 346, pp. 197–204. IOS Press (2021). https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA210336
Lee, E.A.: The past, present and future of cyber-physical systems: a focus on models. Sensors 15(3), 4837–4869 (2015)
Leucker, M., Sánchez, C., Scheffel, T., Schmitz, M., Thoma, D.: Runtime verification for timed event streams with partial information. In: Finkbeiner, B., Mariani, L. (eds.) RV 2019. LNCS, vol. 11757, pp. 273–291. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32079-9_16
Leucker, M., Schallhart, C.: A brief account of runtime verification. J. Logic Algebr. Progr. 78(5), 293–303 (2009)
Maler, O., Nickovic, D.: Monitoring temporal properties of continuous signals. In: Lakhnech, Y., Yovine, S. (eds.) FORMATS/FTRTFT -2004. LNCS, vol. 3253, pp. 152–166. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30206-3_12
Nguyen, T., Nickovic, D.: Assertion-based monitoring in practice - checking correctness of an automotive sensor interface. Sci. Comput. Program. 118, 40–59 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2015.11.002
Ničković, D., Yamaguchi, T.: RTAMT: online robustness monitors from STL. In: Hung, D.V., Sokolsky, O. (eds.) ATVA 2020. LNCS, vol. 12302, pp. 564–571. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59152-6_34
Painter, R.R.: Software plans: multi-dimensional fine-grained separation of concerns. A Dissertation Proposal (2006)
AUTOSAR, Development, Partnership: Specification of Timing Extensions, Version 1.0.0, Release 4.0.1 (2009)
Perez, I., Dedden, F., Goodloe, A.: Copilot 3. Technical report NASA/TM-2020-220587, NASA Langley Research Center (2020)
Perez, I., Mavridou, A., Pressburger, T., Will, A., Martin, P.J.: Monitoring ROS2: from requirements to autonomous robots. In: FMAS/ASYDE@SEFM. EPTCS, vol. 371, pp. 208–216 (2022)
Pnueli, A.: The temporal logic of programs. In: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Symposium on the Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS-77), pp. 46–57. IEEE Computer Society Press, Providence (1977)
Quigley, M., et al.: ROS: an open-source robot operating system. In: ICRA Workshop on Open Source Software, Kobe, Japan, vol. 3, p. 5 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Begemann, M.J., Kallwies, H., Leucker, M., Schmitz, M. (2023). TeSSLa-ROS-Bridge – Runtime Verification of Robotic Systems. In: Ábrahám, E., Dubslaff, C., Tarifa, S.L.T. (eds) Theoretical Aspects of Computing – ICTAC 2023. ICTAC 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14446. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47963-2_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47963-2_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-47962-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-47963-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)