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Reproductive Biology and Novel Cultivar Development of the Eucheumatoid Kappaphycus alvarezii

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Tropical Phyconomy Coalition Development

Part of the book series: Developments in Applied Phycology ((DAPH,volume 11))

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Abstract

Kappaphycus species are globally cultivated in tropical waters as a major source of k-carrageenan. Since the early 1970s, Kappaphycus farming, through clonal propagation, has been confined to a few good-quality commercial strains of unknown ploidy and/or life history phase. After five decades of successful cultivation, the productivity of Kappaphycus spp. has continually declined. This has been attributed to low genetic variability, making the >50-year-old cultivars more susceptible to environmental stressors, pests, and diseases. Hence, the establishment of new cultivars with unique genetic makeup and corresponding desirable traits can provide alternative seedstocks from the currently cultivated strains. Cultivar development includes the collection of wild individuals, both vegetative and reproductive materials, for culture collection and biobanking, spore release and cultivation, selection, and breeding. Moreover, the distinction of specific life history phases, sex, and ploidy among the established cultivars can be tested for specific traits, such as vigor and fitness, productivity, and biochemistry. This initiative can avoid repeated crop failure associated with old and fatigued strains and conduct targeted farming of specific cultivars with corresponding known traits. Understanding their ecological tolerance to different abiotic factors can also mitigate risks in seaweed farming in relation to climate change. Continuous cultivar development is necessary for future crop domestication and improvement programs to sustain the livelihoods of thousands of small-scale farmers and the multi-million-dollar seaweed industry.

Author Contributions

MY Roleda: Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Validation, Resources, Writing-Original draft.

LAR Hinaloc: Methodology, Investigation, Data Curation, Validation, Visualization, Writing-Review and Editing.

IT Capacio: Methodology, Investigation, Data Curation, Validation, Visualization, Writing-Review and Editing.

MCB Jao: Methodology, Investigation, Data Curation, Validation, Visualization.

BA Crisostomo: Methodology, Investigation, Data Curation, Validation, Visualization, Writing-Review and Editing.

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Declarations

Competing interests. The authors declare no competing interests.

Funding

The primary data presented in this review chapter were results from studies subsidized by the UPMSI inhouse research grant and research funding received from the University of the Philippines-UP System Enhanced Creative Work and Research Grant (ECWRG 2019-09-R) and Balik PhD Program (OVPAA-BPhD-2019-06), UP-Diliman, Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development (OVCRD) Outright Research Grant Project No. 202039 ORG. Co-funding was also received from UKRI GCRF Global-SeaweedSTAR program—Projects Grant no. GSS/RF/015 and GSS/RF/047 and the CHED-LAKAS-funded project “Phytochemical Characterization of Macroalgae for Food and High Value Products (PhycoPRO).” Additional funding was also received from a Safe Seaweed Coalition grant (SecureFuture; n°LS249100) and from Sea6 Energy Private Limited. The eucheumatoid micropropagation initiatives at the National Seaweed Technology Development Center (NSTDC) are funded by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Algal Ecophysiology (AlgaE) Laboratory, The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines

    Michael Y. Roleda, Lourie Ann R. Hinaloc & Bea A. Crisostomo

  2. Department of Agriculture- Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, National Seaweed Technology Development Center, Cabid-an, Sorsogon, Philippines

    Ida T. Capacio & Ma. Cecilia B. Jao

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  1. Michael Y. Roleda
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  2. Lourie Ann R. Hinaloc
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  3. Ida T. Capacio
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  4. Ma. Cecilia B. Jao
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  5. Bea A. Crisostomo
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Correspondence to Michael Y. Roleda .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and Environment, Cape Breton, NS, Canada

    Alan T. Critchley

  2. Integrated Services for the Development of Aquaculture and Fisheries (ISDA), University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, Philippines

    Anicia Q. Hurtado

  3. PT Sea Six Energy Indonesia, Bali, Indonesia

    Iain Charles Neish

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Roleda, M.Y., Hinaloc, L.A.R., Capacio, I.T., Jao, M.C.B., Crisostomo, B.A. (2024). Reproductive Biology and Novel Cultivar Development of the Eucheumatoid Kappaphycus alvarezii. In: Critchley, A.T., Hurtado, A.Q., Neish, I.C. (eds) Tropical Phyconomy Coalition Development. Developments in Applied Phycology, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47806-2_4

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