Abstract
The most important developments that led to the development of knowledge-based technologies and ultimately knowledge graphs came from the artificial intelligence community, starting from the 1950s. We start with the initial attempt at a General Problem Solver, whose limitations revealed the need for knowledge. We give a brief introduction to different knowledge representation paradigms, reasoning, and knowledge modeling with a particular focus on ontologies.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baader F, Calvanese D, McGuinness D, Patel-Schneider P, Nardi D (eds) (2003) The description logic handbook: Theory, implementation and applications. Cambridge University Press
Basic BD, Snajder J (2019) Lecture 7: logic programming in prolog. University of Zagreb Artificial Intelligence Lecture Slides. https://www.fer.unizg.hr/_download/repository/AI-7-LogicProgramming.pdf
Buchanan BG, Shortliffe EH (1984) Rule-based expert systems: the MYCIN experiments of the Stanford heuristic programming project (the Addison-Wesley series in artificial intelligence). Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.
Cochez M, Decker S, Prud’Hommeaux E (2016) Knowledge representation on the web revisited: the case for prototypes. In: The Semantic Web–ISWC 2016: 15th international semantic web conference, Kobe, Japan, October 17–21, 2016, Proceedings, Part I 15, Springer, pp 151–166
Coppin B (2004) Artificial intelligence illuminated. Jones & Bartlett Learning
Ernst GW, Newell AG (1969) A case study in generality and problem-solving. Academic, New York
Grimm S, Hitzler P, Abecker A (2007) Logic, ontologies and semantic web languages. In: Studer R, Grimm S, Abecker A (eds) Semantic web services: concepts, technologies, and applications. Springer
Gruber TR (1995) Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing? International Journal of Human-computer Studies 43(5-6):907–928
Jackson P (1998) Introduction to expert systems, 3rd edn. Addison Wesley
James P (1992) Knowledge graphs. In: 1991 Workshop on linguistic instruments in knowledge engineering, Tilburg, January 18–19, Elsevier, pp 97–117
Kant I (1783) Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten können. Project Gutenberg. https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/kant/prolegom/prolegom.html
Lenat DB, Feigenbaum EA (1987) On the thresholds of knowledge. In: Proceedings of the tenth international joint conference on artificial intelligence, August, pp 23–28
Martinez M, Rohrer E, Severi P (2016) Complexity of the description logic ALCM. In: Proceedings of the fifteenth international conference on principles of knowledge representation and reasoning, Cape Town South Africa, April 26–29, AAAI Press, KR’16, pp 585–588
McCarthy J, Minsky ML, Rochester N, Shannon CE (2006) A proposal for the Dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence, August 31, 1955. AI Mag 27(4):12–12
Minsky M (1975) A framework for representing knowledge. In: Winston PH (ed) The psychology of computer vision. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 211–277
Newell A, Shaw J (1959) A variety of intelligent learning in a general problem solver. RAND Report P-1742, July 6
Newell A, Simon HA (1972) Human problem solving, vol 104. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Newell A, Shaw JC, Simon HA (1959) Report on a general problem-solving program. In: Proceedings of the first international conference on information processing congress, UNESCO, Paris, June 15–20, Pittsburgh, PA, pp 256–264
Ortiz M (2010) Lecture 5: Complexity of reasoning in ALC. Declarative knowledge processing lecture slides. http://www.kr.tuwien.ac.at/education/deklslides/ws12/dkpWS10 6.1nup.pdf
Rector AL, Nowlan WA, & Galen Consortium (1994) The GALEN project. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 45(1–2):75–78
Rodriguez ND (2019) Introduction to description logics and ontologies. Symbolic artificial intelligence lecture slides. https://perso.telecomparitech.fr/bloch/OptionIA/IA301-Lecture1-IntroDL-OWL.pdf
Schreiber G, Wielinga B, de Hoog R, Akkermans H, Van de Velde W (1994) CommonKADS: a comprehensive methodology for KBS development. IEEE Expert 9(6):28–37
Shannon CE (1950) Programming a computer for playing chess. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 41(314):256–227
Simon HA (1957) Models of man: social and rational-mathematical essays on rational human behavior in a social setting. Wiley
Sowa JF (ed) (1991) Principles of semantic networks: explorations in the representation of knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann
Studer R, Benjamins VR, Fensel D (1998) Knowledge engineering: principles and methods. Data Knowl Eng 25(1-2):161–197
Van Melle W (1978) MYCIN: a knowledge-based consultation program for infectious disease diagnosis. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 10(3):313–322
Wielinga BJ, Schreiber AT, Breuker JA (1992) KADS: a modelling approach to knowledge engineering. Knowl Acquis 4(1):5–53
Williams A (2005) Prolog, resolution and logic programming. CS612 automated reasoning lecture slides. http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/schmidt/CS612/2005-2006/resolution-slides.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Serles, U., Fensel, D. (2024). Artificial Intelligence. In: An Introduction to Knowledge Graphs. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45256-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45256-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-45255-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-45256-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)