Zusammenfassung
Ähnlich wie das körperliche Altern ist das kognitive Altern meist mit Rückgang und Verlust verbunden (z. B. in Bezug auf Gedächtnis, exekutive Funktionen, visuelle und sprachliche Fähigkeiten), was es schwer macht, positive Veränderungen vorzustellen. Sowohl negative Stereotypen (z. B. ältere Menschen, die an Demenz leiden) als auch positive Stereotypen des Alterns (z. B. weise ältere Menschen) beeinflussen die kognitive Entwicklung in den späteren Lebensphasen. Das Verständnis sowohl der Gewinne als auch der Verluste, die mit dem kognitiven Altern verbunden sind, und der Vorschlag von Interventionen, die Stärken fördern statt Defizite zu verhindern, stellt eine interessante Herausforderung dar. Dieses Kapitel untersucht das kognitive Altern und die Entwicklung aus der Perspektive der Positiven Psychologie. Zunächst werden die potenziellen Bedeutungen der kognitiven Entwicklung im mittleren und höheren Alter untersucht, wie sie von theoretischen Modellen und den Perspektiven alternder Menschen vorgeschlagen werden. Anschließend werden einige Instrumente zusammengefasst, die helfen können, die kognitive Verbesserung im Alter zu messen. Weiterhin wird die Relevanz der kognitiven Entwicklung und ihre Verbindung zu anderen Formen der Entwicklung im mittleren und höheren Alter (d. h. emotionales Wachstum, Verbesserung der sozialen Fähigkeiten, körperliche und Persönlichkeitsveränderung) untersucht. Schließlich bietet das Kapitel Informationen darüber, wie man die kognitive Entwicklung bei älteren Menschen fördern und Demenz durch die Prinzipien der Positiven Psychologie und einen Ansatz der Entwicklungsressourcen verhindern kann.
Jeder ist ein Genie. Aber wenn du einen Fisch nach seiner Fähigkeit beurteilst, auf einen Baum zu klettern, wird er sein ganzes Leben glauben, dass er dumm ist. –Albert Einstein
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Crăciun, I.C. (2023). Kognitive Entwicklung im mittleren und höheren Alter: Von der Neuroplastizität zur Selbstwirksamkeit und positiven Sicht auf das Altern. In: Förderung der Entwicklung im mittleren und höheren Lebensalter. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44679-5_6
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