Social Learning Theory

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Families with Adolescents

Abstract

Social learning theory utilizes precise descriptions of dyadic relationships and other larger systems dynamics that are present in families with adolescents. Similar to other theoretical perspectives that claim more individual psychological origins, however, this theoretical approach is not given extensive coverage in the family theory literature. This chapter discusses how social learning theory focuses attention on the ways in which adolescent’s and parent’s behaviors are both learned and reinforced – both positively or negatively – by family members and other socializing agents. The review of empirical evidence supporting the use of this conceptual approach to families with adolescents reveals a literature that is rather well developed and forms the basis for a number of prevention- and intervention-based efforts that are based on the social learning perspective.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
EUR 29.95
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
EUR 96.29
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
EUR 128.39
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akers, R. L. (1998). Social learning and social structure: A general theory of crime and deviance. Northeastern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akers, R. L. (2000). Criminological theories. Introduction, evaluation, and application (3rd ed.). Roxbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akers, R. L., & Lee, G. (1996). A longitudinal test of social learning theory: Adolescent smoking. Journal of Drug Issues, 26, 317–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akers, R. L., & Lee, G. (1999). Age, social learning, and social bonding in adolescent substance use. Deviant Behavior, 20, 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akers, R. L., Krohn, M. D., Lanza-Kaduce, L., & Radosevich, M. (1979). Social learning and deviant behavior: A specific test of a general theory. American Sociological Review, 44, 636–655.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ardelt, M., & Day, L. (2002). Parents, siblings, and peers: Close social relationships and adolescent deviance. Journal of Early Adolescence, 22, 310–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Åström, T., Bergström, M., Håkansson, K., Jonsson, A. K., Munthe, C., Wirtberg, I., & Sundell, K. (2020). Treatment foster care Oregon for delinquent adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Research on Social Work Practice, 30(4), 355–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Attila, F. L., Owusu, F., Agyei-Sarpong, K., & Donkoh, H. (2023). Socio-cultural and psycho-theoretical perspectives of adolescence and sex education. Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research, 7(1), 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bahr, S. J., Maughan, S. L., Marcos, A. C., & Li, B. (1998). Family, religiosity, and the risk of adolescent drug use. Journal of Marriage and Family, 60, 979–992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. General Learning Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bank, L., Burraston, B., & Snyder, J. (2004). Sibling conflict and ineffective parenting as predictors of adolescent boys’ antisocial behavior and peer difficulties: Additive and interactional effects. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14, 99–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bao, W. N., Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., & Conger, R. D. (1999). Perceived parental acceptance as a moderator of religious transmission among adolescent boys and girls. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61, 362–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benda, B. B., & Corwyn, R. F. (1997). Religion and delinquency: The relationship after considering family and peer influences. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36, 81–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berg, M. T., & Mulford, C. F. (2020). Reappraising and redirecting research on the victim–offender overlap. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(1), 16–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Briggs, H. E., Kim, I., Mowbray, O., Orellana, E. R., & Elkins, J. (2018). Trusting and dependable sibling relationships as social capital among African American youth. Journal of Substance Use, 23(6), 557–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buehler, C., Franck, K. L., & Cook, E. C. (2009). Adolescents’ triangulation in marital conflict and peer relations. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19, 669–689.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Capaldi, D. M., & Stoolmiller, M. (1999). Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys: III. Prediction to young-adult adjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 59–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Catalano, R. F., Kosterman, R., Hawkins, J. D., Newcomb, M. D., & Abbott, R. D. (1996). Modeling the etiology of adolescent substance use: A test of the social development model. Journal of Drug Issues, 26, 429–455.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Catalano, R. F., Hawkins, J. D., Kosterman, R., Bailey, J. A., Oesterle, S., Cambron, C., & Farrington, D. P. (2021). Applying the social development model in middle childhood to promote healthy development: Effects from primary school through the 30s and across generations. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 7, 66–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Catanzaroa, S. J., & Laurent, J. (2004). Perceived family support, negative mood regulation expectancies, co**, and adolescent alcohol use: Evidence of mediation and moderation effects. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 1779–1797.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain, P., & Reid, J. (1998). Comparison of two community alternatives to incarceration for chronic juvenile offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 6, 624–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Z. Y., & Kaplan, H. B. (2005). Intergenerational transmission of constructive parenting. In T. R. Chibucos & R. W. Leite (Eds.), Readings in family theory (pp. 118–136). Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chibucos, T. R., & Leite, R. W. (2005). Readings in family theory. Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connell, A. M., Shaw, D., Wilson, M., Danzo, S., Weaver-Krug, C., Lemery-Chalfant, K., & Dishion, T. J. (2019). Indirect effects of the early childhood family check-up on adolescent suicide risk: The mediating role of inhibitory control. Development and Psychopathology, 31(5), 1901–1910.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crockett, L. J., Bingham, C. R., Chopak, J. S., & Vicary, J. R. (1996). Timing of first sexual intercourse: The role of social control, social learning, and problem behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 25, 89–111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crosbie-Burnett, M., & Lewis, E. A. (1993). Theoretical contributions from social and cognitive behavioral psychology. In P. G. Boss, W. J. Doherty, R. LaRossa, W. R. Schumm, & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theories and methods (pp. 531–558). Plenum.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cuartas, J., Ward, K. P., Ma, J., & Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2020). Physical punishment and Colombian children and adolescents’ cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 68, 101140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cui, M., Conger, R. D., Bryant, C. M., & Elder, G. H. (2002). Parental behavior and the quality of adolescent friendships: A social-contextual perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 676–689.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Goede, I. H. A., Branje, S. J. T., Delsing, M. J. M. H., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2009). Linkages over time between adolescents’ relationships with parents and friends. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 1304–1315.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dishion, T. J. (2016). An evolutionary framework for understanding coercion and aggression. In T. J. Dishion & J. J. Snyder (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of coercive relationship dynamics (pp. 53–69). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dishion, T. J., Eddy, J. M., Haas, E., Li, F., & Spracklin, K. M. (1997). Friendships and violent behavior during adolescence. Social Development, 6, 207–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dishion, T. J., Kavanagh, K., Schneiger, A., Nelson, S., & Kaufman, N. (2002). Preventing early adolescent substance use: A family-centered strategy for the public middle-school ecology. Prevention Science, 3, 191–201.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Donohue, E., Halgunseth, L. C., Chilenski, S. M., & Perkins, D. F. (2022). Parent–child recurring conflict: A mediator between parental anger management and adolescent behavior. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 51(1), 6–19.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Eitle, D. (2005). The moderating effects of peer substance use on the family structure–adolescent substance use association: Quantity versus quality of parenting. Addictive Behaviors, 30, 963–980.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ettekal, I., & Ladd, G. W. (2020). Development of aggressive-victims from childhood through adolescence: Associations with emotion dysregulation, withdrawn behaviors, moral disengagement, peer rejection, and friendships. Development and Psychopathology, 32(1), 271–291.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foshee, V. A., Bauman, K. E., & Linder, G. F. (1999). Family violence and the perpetration of adolescent dating violence: Examining social learning and social control processes. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61, 331–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foshee, V. A., Linder, F., MacDougall, J. E., & Bangdiwala, S. (2001). Gender differences in the longitudinal predictors of adolescent dating violence. Preventive Medicine, 32, 128–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gong, X., Zhang, K. Z., Chen, C., Cheung, C. M., & Lee, M. K. (2020). Antecedents and consequences of excessive online social gaming: A social learning perspective. Information Technology & People, 33(2), 657–688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodson, P., Evans, A., & Edmunson, E. (1996). Female adolescents and onset of sexual intercourse: A theory-based review of research from 1984 to 1994. Journal of Adolescent Health, 21, 147–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gosselin, D. K. (2010). Heavy hands: An introduction to the crimes of family violence. Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granic, I., & Patterson, G. R. (2006). Toward a comprehensive model of antisocial development: A dynamic systems approach. Psychological Review, 113, 101–131.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ha, T., Otten, R., McGill, S., & Dishion, T. J. (2019). The family and peer origins of coercion within adult romantic relationships: A longitudinal multimethod study across relationships contexts. Developmental Psychology, 55(1), 207–215.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ha, T., Van Ryzin, M. J., & Elam, K. K. (2023). Socialization processes within adolescents’ relationships with parents and peers predicting couples’ intimate partner violence in adulthood: A social learning perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 35(1), 204–217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haj-Yahia, M., & Dawud-Noursi, S. (1998). Predicting the use of different conflict tactics among Arab siblings in Israel: A study based on social learning theory. Journal of Family Violence, 13, 81–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., Kosterman, R., Abbott, R. D., & Hill, K. G. (1999). Preventing adolescent health-risk behaviors by strengthening protection during childhood. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 153, 226–234.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henneberger, A. K., Mushonga, D. R., & Preston, A. M. (2021). Peer influence and adolescent substance use: A systematic review of dynamic social network research. Adolescent Research Review, 6(1), 57–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, K. G., Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., Abbott, R. D., & Guo, J. (2005). Family influences on the risk of daily smoking initiation. Journal of Adolescent Health, 37, 202–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hogben, M., & Byrne, D. (1998). Using social learning theory to explain individual differences in human sexuality. Journal of Sex Research, 35, 58–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, B., Kosterman, R., Catalano, R. F., Hawkins, J. D., & Abbot, R. D. (2001). Modeling mediation in the etiology of violent behavior in adolescence: A test of the social development model. Criminology, 39, 75–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, S., & Akers, R. L. (2017). Substance use by Korean adolescents: A cross-cultural test of social learning, social bonding, and self-control theories. In Social learning theory and the explanation of crime (pp. 39–63). Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, A. C., Killoren, S. E., Campione-Barr, N., Padilla, J., & Chen, B. B. (2022). Sibling relationships in adolescence and young adulthood in multiple contexts: A critical review. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075221104188

  • Johnson, M. D., Hank, K., & Yurkiw, J. (2021). Longitudinal associations between adult relations with intimate partners and siblings. Journal of Marriage and Family, 83(2), 551–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, B. K. E., Gilman, A. B., Tan, K. P., Kosterman, R., Bailey, J. A., Catalano, R. F., & Hawkins, J. D. (2020). Identifying and predicting criminal career profiles from adolescence to age 39. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 30(4), 210–220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kornienko, O., Ha, T., & Dishion, T. J. (2020). Dynamic pathways between rejection and antisocial behavior in peer networks: Update and test of confluence model. Development and Psychopathology, 32(1), 175–188.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, L., & Kowal, A. K. (2005). Sibling relationship quality from birth to adolescence: The enduring contributions of friends. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(4), 503–511.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kruis, N. E., Seo, C., & Kim, B. (2020). Revisiting the empirical status of social learning theory on substance use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Substance Use & Misuse, 55(4), 666–683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuendig, H., & Kuntsche, E. (2006). Family bonding and adolescent alcohol use: Moderating effect of living with excessive drinking parents. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 41, 464–471.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuntsche, S., & Kuntsche, E. (2016). Parent-based interventions for preventing or reducing adolescent substance use—A systematic literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 45, 89–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kwok, S. Y., Gu, M., Synchaisuksawat, P., & Wong, W. W. (2020). The relationship between parent-child triangulation and early adolescent depression in Hong Kong: The mediating roles of self-acceptance, positive relations and personal growth. Children and Youth Services Review, 109, 104676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavoie, F., Hebert, M., Tremblay, R., Vitaro, F., Vezina, L., & McDuff, P. (2002). History of family dysfunction and perpetration of dating violence by adolescent boys: A longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 375–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, G., Akers, R. L., & Borg, M. J. (2004). Social learning and structural factors in adolescent substance use. Western Criminology Review, 5, 17–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markiewicz, D., Doyle, A. B., & Brengdon, M. (2001). The quality of adolescents’ friendships: Associations with mothers’ interpersonal relationships, attachment to parents and friends, and prosocial behavior. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 429–445.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masarik, A. S., & Rogers, C. R. (2020). Sibling warmth moderates the intergenerational transmission of romantic relationship hostility. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(5), 1431–1443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCauley, D. M., Sloan, C. J., **a, M., & Fosco, G. M. (2021). Same family, divergent realities: How triangulation preserves parents’ illusory harmony while adolescents navigate interparental conflicts. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(2), 128.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., Helms-Erikson, H., & Crouter, A. C. (2001). Sibling influences on gender development in middle childhood and early adolescence: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 37, 115–125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., & Whiteman, S. D. (2003). The family contexts of gender development in childhood and adolescence. Social Development, 12, 125–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., & Whiteman, S. D. (2012). Sibling relationships and influences in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74(5), 913–930.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mihalic, S. W., & Elliott, D. (1997). A social learning theory model of marital violence. Journal of Family Violence, 12, 21–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, K. S., Forehand, R., & Kotchick, B. A. (1999). Adolescent sexual behavior in two ethnic minority samples: The role of family variables. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61, 85–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller-Day, M. A. (2002). Parent-adolescent communication about alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use. Journal of Adolescent Research, 17, 604–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mota, C. P., & Matos, P. M. (2015). Does sibling relationship matter to self-concept and resilience in adolescents under residential care? Children and Youth Services Review, 56, 97–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Keefe, M. (1997). Adolescents’ exposure to community and school violence: Prevalence and behavioral correlates. Journal of Adolescent Health, 20, 368–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pantaleao, A., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2019). Does co** mediate the relationship between adolescent-parent communication and adolescent internalizing symptoms? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 479–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R. (1982). Coercive family process. Castalia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R., & Yoerger, K. (1993). Developmental models for delinquent behavior. In S. Hodgins (Ed.), Mental disorder and crime (pp. 140–172). Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R., Bank, L., & Stoolmiller, M. (1990). The preadolescent’s contributions to disrupted family process. In R. Montemayor, G. R. Adams, & T. P. Gullotta (Eds.), From childhood to adolescence (pp. 107–133). Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinquart, M., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2005). Influences of parents and siblings on the development of children and adolescents. In V. L. Bengston, A. C. Acock, K. R. Allen, P. Dilworth-Anderson, & D. M. Klein (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theory and research (pp. 367–382). Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prather, W., & Golden, J. A. (2009). Learning and thinking: A behavioral treatise on abuse and antisocial behavior in young criminal offenders. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 5(1), 75–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pusch, N. (2022). A meta-analytic review of social learning theory and teen dating violence perpetration. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224278221130004

  • Rowe, C. L., Gomez, L., & Liddle, H. A. (2006). Family therapy research: Empirical foundations and practice implications. In M. Nichols & R. Schwartz (Eds.), Family therapy: Concepts and methods (7th ed., pp. 395–445). Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1997). A life-course theory of cumulative disadvantage and the stability of delinquency. In T. P. Thornberry (Ed.), Advances in criminological theory: Developmental theories of crime and delinquency (Vol. 7, pp. 133–161). Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saner, H., & Ellickson, P. (1996). Concurrent risk factors for adolescent violence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 19, 94–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schunk, D. H. (2005). Self-regulated learning: The educational legacy of Paul R. Pintrich. Educational Psychologist, 40, 85–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, R. L., Lin, K. H., & Gordon, L. C. (1998). Socialization in the family of origin and male dating violence: A prospective study. Journal of Marriage and Family, 60, 467–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. F. (1950). Are learning theories necessary? Psychological Review, 57, 193–216.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. F. (1989). The origins of cognitive thought. American Psychologist, 44, 13–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solakoglu, O., & Yuksek, D. A. (2020). Delinquency among Turkish adolescents: Testing Akers’ social structure and social learning theory. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 64(5), 539–563.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor-Seehafer, M., & Rew, L. (2000). Risky sexual behavior among adolescent women. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 5, 15–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trucco, E. M. (2020). A review of psychosocial factors linked to adolescent substance use. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 196, 172969.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vito, A. G., Schaefer, B., Higgins, G. E., Marcum, C., & Ricketts, M. (2019). Self-control, social learning theory, social bonds and binge drinking: Results from a national sample. Journal of Substance Use, 24(6), 655–659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walters, G. D. (2019). Social control versus social learning: Self-efficacy for future academic success and peer delinquency as mediators of the parental support–delinquency relationship. Criminal Justice Review, 44(2), 101–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weisner, M., Capaldi, D. M., & Patterson, G. R. (2003). Development of antisocial behavior and crime across the life-span from a social interactional perspective: The coercion model. In R. L. Akers & G. F. Jensen (Eds.), Social learning theory and the explanation of crime (pp. 317–337). Transaction.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whiteman, S. D., Zeiders, K. H., Killoren, S. E., Rodriguez, S. A., & Updegraff, K. A. (2014). Sibling influence on Mexican-origin adolescents’ deviant and sexual risk behaviors: The role of sibling modeling. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54(5), 587–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiesner, M., Capaldi, D. M., Kerr, D. C., & Wu, W. (2022). Bidirectional associations of mental health with self-reported criminal offending over time for at-risk early adult men in the USA. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-022-00221-y

  • Woolfolk, A. (2010). Educational psychology. Merrill/Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gavazzi, S.M., Lim, JY. (2023). Social Learning Theory. In: Families with Adolescents. Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43407-5_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation