Abstract
The professional opportunities and ethical implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on design are yet to reveal themselves fully. Nevertheless, Architecture's thirty-year project against postmodern iconography exemplifies how pre-existing concerns precondition AI's impact on design. Admittedly, there were pronounced conceptual and procedural differences in the methods developed during this period. However, a common belief in a pragmatic, instrumental approach to production has instigated a fundamental change in how one translates ideas into objects. This change, coinciding with the increasing use of the digital interface, now sees drawing as something one subscribes to rather than a set of techniques one uses to transcribe ideas. Contextualizing AI within a more extensive history of Architecture's experience with the digital environment, this paper will describe how pragmatism in Digital Architecture and Activism has encouraged designers to believe digital drawings enable an axiomatic translation of abstract ideas into real objects. At the same time, the most rudimentary of AI processes already contest this belief by presenting the disciplinary oddity of a digital technique based on images. AI not only reinvigorates architecture's often-problematic relationship to the semiotics of depictive imagery. It also problematizes issues of precedent and model by hiding how its algorithms select and combine sources. In raising questions around authorship and legitimacy, AI questions this thirty-year effort to recast disciplinary agency through instrumental drawing methods. Crucially, AI makes claiming authorship an issue again, while also asking whether axiomatic drawings can ever achieve prescribed socio-political goals.
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Notes
- 1.
‘Digital turns’ references Mario Carpo's books The Digital Turn in Architecture 1992–2012 (2012) and The Second Digital Turn: Design Beyond Intelligence (2017).
- 2.
For clarity, the term postmodern also concurs with those critics that placed deconstructivist architecture under the postmodern banner. While these practices have significant differences, one must concede that both privileged a semiotic understanding of architectural form.
- 3.
For clarity, the three clicks describe the process of selecting the ‘tool’ and then identifying the two endpoints of the line.
- 4.
This claim rests on two critical publications by Greg Lynn. Published in 1998 and 199, respectively, the books Folds, Bodies & Blobs: Collected Essays and Animate Form leveraged Deleuzian Materialism to attack [10, 11]. This generational contest was not only evident in Lynn's writings. Lynn's fight was against a preceding generation of architect-theorists. Robert Somol and Michael Speaks instigated a similar generation dispute over theory.
- 5.
Aureli is a partner of Dogma.
- 6.
The issue of disciplinary autonomy has reappeared over the last thirty years. While the digital drawing broke this myth of ‘autonomy’, it paradoxically never challenged disciplinary boundaries. Free to pick and choose knowledge from elsewhere, any disciplinary exchange of ideas was always to architecture's benefit. Despite Activism's collaborative reflex, architecture continues to reaffirm disciplinary silos and place itself atop a professional hierarchy. This new self-image, which sees architecture less as the mother of the arts and more godfather of the professions, has reasserted autonomy and disciplinary primacy.
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Perin, G. (2024). Subscription Design. In: Martins, N., Brandão, D., Fernandes-Marcos, A. (eds) Perspectives on Design and Digital Communication IV. Springer Series in Design and Innovation , vol 33. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41770-2_18
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