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Horizontal Gene Transfer in Fungi and Its Ecological Importance

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Fungal Associations

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume 9))

Abstract

Fungi are one of the most diverse kingdoms in the tree of life, thrive in virtually every habitat on the planet, and are vital for a plethora of ecosystems and human-related activities. The advent of genomic technologies has revolutionized the study of fungal ecology and evolution. Surprisingly, evolutionary genomic investigations have revealed that horizontal gene transfer (HGT)—the movement of genetic material from one organism to another by means other than sexual reproduction—is an important factor influencing the ecology and evolution of fungal genomes. This chapter uses an evolutionary framework to discuss the extent and distribution of HGT across fungal ecologies and lifestyles, focusing on some of the best-supported cases to address fundamental questions such as frequencies, barriers, and mechanisms for eukaryotic HGT. One important conclusion that can be drawn from studies of fungal HGT is that HGT rate varies extensively across lineages and that this variation can generally be associated with distinctive ecologies, lifestyles, or genetic backgrounds. Similarly, not all functional categories of genes are equally likely to result in successful transfers. The factors underlying both frequency and functional variations of HGT across fungi are thoroughly discussed. Advances in genomic and synthetic biology technologies will continue to shed light on these questions and bring many other still unanswered questions into focus. Some of these questions and directions for future research are highlighted at the end of this chapter.

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Acknowledgments

Research in A.R.’s lab is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (DEB-2110404), the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R56 AI146096 and R01 AI153356), and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. Research in C.T.H.’s lab is supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-1442148 and DEB-2110403), in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-SC0018409), the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Hatch Project 1020204), and an H. I. Romnes Faculty Fellowship from the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education with funding from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation.

Conflict of Interest Statement

A.R. is a scientific consultant for LifeMine Therapeutics, Inc.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

    Carla Gonçalves & Antonis Rokas

  2. Laboratory of Genetics, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J.F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Chris Todd Hittinger

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  1. Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yen-** Hsueh

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    Meredith Blackwell

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Gonçalves, C., Hittinger, C.T., Rokas, A. (2024). Horizontal Gene Transfer in Fungi and Its Ecological Importance. In: Hsueh, YP., Blackwell, M. (eds) Fungal Associations. The Mycota, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41648-4_3

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