SpringerLink
Log in

Between Business, Solidarity Mobilization, and Political Participation: Ethnic Entrepreneurship and the New Black Diaspora in São Paulo

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Black Lives Matter in Latin America

  • 50 Accesses

Abstract

African and Caribbean Migrants in São Paulo form a new Black Diaspora in Brazil. The Brazilian nation is marked by the African Diaspora due to the forced migration of enslaved Africans. Since 2010, the media have documented the increased African immigration in São Paulo. Less discussed are the businesses created by those in these ethnic-racial communities. They have been starting business in economic sectors such as bars, restaurants, mini markets selling African products, hairdressing salons, and shoe and clothing stores. In this chapter, the authors discuss how these immigrants are the face of the new Black Diaspora in São Paulo. They reflect on the links between the businesses created by these ethnic entrepreneurs and their solidarity mobilization and political participation.

Where is home? On the one hand, ‘home’ is a mythic place of desire in the diasporic imagination. In this sense it is a place of no return, even if it is possible to visit the geographical territory that is seen as the place of ‘origin’. On the other hand, home is also the lived experience of a locality. Its sounds and smells, its heat and dust, balmy summer evenings, or the excitement of the first snowfall, shivering winter evenings, somber grey skies in the middle of the day… all this, is mediated by the historically specific everyday of social relations.

Avtar Brah (1996, pp. 188–189)

“Between Business, Solidarity Mobilization, and Political Participation: Ethnic Entrepreneurship and the New Black Diaspora in São Paulo”, Audrey Silva Hein and Pedro Jaime, Translated from the Portuguese by Ramon J. Stern.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • ACNUR – Alto Comissariados Das Nações Unidas Para o Refugiado. 1954. IConvenção Relativa Ao Estatuto Dos Refugiados, 189(3), 1–31. Available at: http://www.acnur.org/t3/fileadmin/scripts/doc.php?file=t3/fileadmin/Documentos/portugues/ BDL/Convencao_relativa_ao_Estatuto_dos_Refugiados. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  • ACNUR – Alto Comissariados Das Nações Unidas Para o Refugiado. 2010. Declaração de Cartagena sobre os refugiados, de 1954. Available at: https://www.acnur.org/fileadmin/Documentos/portugues/BD_Legal/Instrumentos_Internacionais/Declaracao_de_Cartagena.pdf. Accessed 4 Feb 2019.

  • Aldrich, H. E., & Waldinger, R. (1990). Ethnicity and entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Sociology, 16(1), 111–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aliaga-Isla, R., & Rialp, A. (2013). Systematic review of immigrant entrepreneurship literature: Previous findings and ways forward. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 25(9–10), 819–844.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Almeida, C. D., & Cogo, D. M. (2018). Imigração haitiana na cidade de São Paulo: comunicação e consumo de mídias no mundo do trabalho. Revista Comunicação Midiática, 13(1), 94–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arruda-Filho, E. J. M. (2020). Análise na pesquisa netnográfica: exemplos ilustrativos no campo da administração. In J. Brunstein et al. (Orgs.), Análise de dados qualitativos em pesquisa: múltiplos usos em administração [livro eletrônico]. Editora Mackenzie/Editora FGV.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baeninger, R. (2018). Migrações transnacionais e inserção laboral no Brasil no século XXI. Diálogos Estratégicos, Brasília, 1(4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates, T. (1994). Social resources generated by group support networks may not be beneficial to Asian immigrant-owned small businesses. Social Forces, 72(3), 671–689.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BBC News Brasil. (2018, Novemver 20) ‘Novos brasileiros’: os migrantes africanos que estão mudando a cara de São Paulo. Available at: https://g1.globo.com/sp/saopaulo/noticia/2018/11/20/novos-brasileiros-os-migrantes-africanos-que-estao-mudando-a cara-de-sao-paulo.ghtml. Accessed 6 June 2019.

  • Bertaux, D. (2010). Narrativas de Vida: a Pesquisa e seus Métodos (2ª ed). NEDUFRN/Paulus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boltanski, L., & Thévenot, L. (2006). On justification: economies worth. Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Borjas, G. J. (1996). The self-employment experience of immigrants. Journal of Human Resources, 21(4), 485–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borjas, G. J. (2000). Ethnic enclaves and assimilation. Swedish Economic Policy Review, 7(2), 89–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brah, A. (1996). Cartographies of diaspora: Contesting identities. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callon, M. (1984). Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay. The Sociological Review, 32(1_suppl), 196–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cederberg, M., & Villares-Varela, M. (2018). Ethnic entrepreneurship and the question of agency: The role of different forms of capital, and the relevance of social class. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(1), 115–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cefaï, D. (2009). Como nos mobilizamos? A contribuição de uma abordagem pragmatista para a sociologia da ação coletiva. Dilemas. Revista de Estudos de Conflitos e Controle Social, 2(4), 11–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cefaï, D. (2011). Como uma associação nasce para o público: vínculos locais e arena pública em torno da associação La Bellevilleuse. In D. Cefaï, M. A. S. Mello, F. R. Mota, & F. B. Veiga (Eds.), Arenas Públicas. Por uma etnografia da vida associativa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cefaï, D. (2013). Grande exclusão e urgência social — Cuidar dos moradores de rua em Paris. Revista Contemporânea, 3(2), 265–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cefaï, D. (2017a). Públicos, problemas públicos, arenas públicas (parte 1). Novos Estudos – CEBRAP, 36(1), 187–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cefaï, D. (2017b). Públicos, problemas públicos, arenas públicas (parte 2). Novos Estudos CEBRAP, 36(2), 129–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cefaï, D., Veiga, F. B., & Mota, F. R. (2017). Introdução. Arenas públicas: por uma etnografia da vida associativa. In D. Cefaï, M. A. S. Mello, F. R. Mota, & F. B. Veiga (Eds.), Arenas públicas: por uma etnografia da vida associativa. Eduff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Churchill, S. A. (2017). Fractionalization, entrepreneurship, and the institutional environment for entrepreneurship. Small Business Economic, 48(3), 577–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, J., & Low, A. (2010). Asian female immigrant entrepreneurs in small and medium-sized businesses in Australia. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 22(1), 97–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cometti, J. P. (2010). Qu’est-ce que le Pragmatisme. Folio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delanty, G., & Strydom, P. (2003). Philosophies of social science: The classic and contemporary readings. Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1946). The public and its problems: An essay in political inquiry. Gateway Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1974). Experiência e Natureza (1st ed.). Abril Cultural.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dheer, R. J. S. (2018). Entrepreneurship by immigrants: A review of existing literature and directions for future research. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(3), 555–614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dias, G. S. (2019). No centro de São Paulo surge uma pequena África: Bairros do centro de São Paulo se torna reduto de migrantes africanos, que abrem comércio, vivem e se divertem na região. Carta Capital

    Google Scholar 

  • Dias, G. S. (2020, May 19). A pão e água: o Drama de africanos que não Conseguem auxílio do Governo. Repórter Brasil. Available at: https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimasnoticias/reporter-brasil/2020/05/19/a-pao-e-agua-o-drama-de-africanos-nao-conseguem auxilio-do-governo.htm. Accessed 3 June 2020.

  • Diniz, G. C. S., Guimarães, L. O., & Fernandes, D. M. (2019). Empreendedorismo imigrante e étnico: O papel das redes sociais no processo empreendedor de um imigrante sírio no Brasil. Revista Eletrônica de Negócios Internacionais: Internext, 14(2), 161–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dosse, F. (1995). L’empire du sens: L’humanisation des Sciences Humaines. La Découverte.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, N. (2005). Repenser l’espace public: une contribuition à la critique de la démocratie réellement existante. Qu’est-ce que la justice sociale? Reconnaissance et redistribution. La Découverte.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. (1991). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. (1998). Civil society and the political public sphere. In J. Habermas (Ed.), Between facts and norms: Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy. The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • IOM – International Organization for Migration. (2020). World migration report 2020. Available at: https://www.iom.int/wmr/. Accessed 4 Apr 2020.

  • Jaime, P. (2016). Executivos Negros: Racismo e Diversidade no Mundo Empresarial. Edusp/Fapes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaime, P. (2020). Lendo um manuscrito desbotado: Da produção à análise dos dados na pesquisa etnográfica em administração. In J. Brunstein et al. (Orgs.), Análise de dados qualitativos em pesquisa: múltiplos usos em administração [livro eletrônico]. Editora Mackenzie/Editora FGV.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1974). Pragmatismo: Textos Selecionados (1st ed.). Abril Cultural.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, J. C. (2007). L’entretien Compréhensif. Armand Colin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozinets, R. V. (2014). Netnografia: Realizando Pesquisa Etnográfica Online (D. Bueno, Trans.). Penso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latour, B. (2007). Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Light, I. (1972). Ethnic Enterprise in America: Business and welfare among Chinese, Japanese, and blacks. University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Light, I., & Bonacich, E. (1988). Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965–1982. University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mantovani, F. (2020, May 4). Cansado de ouvir perguntas absurdas, imigrante cria camiseta ‘África não é um país’. Folha de São Paulo. Available at: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2020/03/cansado-de-ouvir-perguntas-absurdasimigrante-cria-camiseta-africa-nao-e-um-pais.shtml. Accessed 5 June 2020.

  • OBMIGRA. (2019). Observatório Das Migrações Internacionais. Relatório Anual 2019. Brasília/DF. Available at: https://portaldeimigracao.mj.gov.br/pt/dados/relatorios-a. Accessed 1 Feb 2020.

  • Oliveira, R. C. (1996). O trabalho do antropólogo: olhar, ouvir, escrever. Revista de Antropologia, 39(1), 13–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ONU – ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS. (2019). International Migrant Stock 2019. Available at: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates19.asp. Accessed 10 Mar 2020.

  • Portes, A. (1987). The social origins of the Cuban enclave economy of Miami. Sociological Perspectives, 30(4), 340–372. https://doi.org/10.2307/1389209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prefeitura de São Paulo. (2021). Estrutura do Conselho. Available at: https://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/direitos_humanos/imigrantes_e_trabalho_decente/conselho_municipal_de_imigrantes/index.php?p=266084. Accessed 24 May 2021.

  • Riddle, L., & Brinkerhoff, J. (2011). Diaspora entrepreneurs as institutional change agents: The case of Thamel.com. International Business Review, 20(6), 670–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.02.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smallbone, D., Kitching, J., & Athayde, R. (2010). Ethnic diversity, entrepreneurship and competitiveness in a global city. International Small Business Journal, 28(2), 174–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Souza, M. M. (2006). África e Brasil Africano. Ática.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tonelli, D. F., Brito, M. J., & Zambalde, A. L. (2011). Empreendedorismo na ótica da teoria ator-rede: explorando alternativa às perspectivas subjetivista e objetivista. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 9(SPE1), 586–603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Truzzi, O. M. S., & Neto, M. S. (2007). Economia e empreendedorismo étnico: balanço histórico da experiência paulista. RAE- Revista de Administração de Empresas, 47(2), 37–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vershinina, N., Barrett, R., & Meyer, M. (2011). Forms of capital, intra-ethnic variation and polish entrepreneurs in Leicester. Work, Employment and Society, 25(1), 101–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zanforlin, S., & Cogo, D. (2019). Mídia, Mobilidade e Cidadania no contexto do Capitalismo Global: Reflexões a Partir da Trajetória de um Refugiado Sírio. Contemporânea, 17(1), 7–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, M. (2004). Revisiting ethnic entrepreneurship: Convergencies, controversies, and conceptual advancements. The International Migration Review, 38(3), 1040–1074.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Management, Centro Universitário FEI, São Paulo, Brazil

    Audrey Silva Hein & Pedro Jaime

  2. Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing – ESPM, São Paulo, Brazil

    Pedro Jaime

Authors
  1. Audrey Silva Hein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pedro Jaime
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Audrey Silva Hein .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Political Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

    Cloves Luiz Pereira Oliveira

  2. Political Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA

    Gladys Lanier Mitchell-Walthour

  3. Biden School of Public Policy and Administration University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

    Minion K. C Morrison

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Silva Hein, A., Jaime, P. (2024). Between Business, Solidarity Mobilization, and Political Participation: Ethnic Entrepreneurship and the New Black Diaspora in São Paulo. In: Luiz Pereira Oliveira, C., Mitchell-Walthour, G.L., Morrison, M.K.C. (eds) Black Lives Matter in Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39904-6_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39904-6_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-39903-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-39904-6

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation