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Proposed Guidelines for Website Data Privacy Policies and an Application Thereof

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Human Aspects of Information Security and Assurance (HAISA 2023)

Part of the book series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology ((IFIPAICT,volume 674))

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Abstract

Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce websites have recently increased in South Africa. The extent of addressing privacy requirements in B2C e-commerce websites is still in its infancy in South Africa with the Protection of Personal Information Act which only came into effect recently. A sco** literature review was conducted to define a holistic set of privacy policy guidelines for websites. In total, 14 privacy policy guidelines for websites were identified to aid website owners in develo** their online data privacy policies. The research design further included a sample of ten popular South African B2C e-commerce website privacy policies using an embedded single-case study design to illustrate the application of the guidelines and to establish the extent of the content of the sample of website privacy policies in terms of the proposed privacy policy guidelines. The findings indicated that the website privacy policies did not fully address the proposed guidelines. The proposed privacy policy guidelines for websites provide website owners with a way to assess and improve their privacy policy content to contribute to compliance with data privacy requirements and to build consumer trust.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computing, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), Florida Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Armand Vorster & Adéle da Veiga

Authors
  1. Armand Vorster
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  2. Adéle da Veiga
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Correspondence to Armand Vorster .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Steven Furnell

  2. University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

    Nathan Clarke

Appendix a: Website Privacy Policy Guidelines

Appendix a: Website Privacy Policy Guidelines

Website Privacy Policy Guidelines

POPIA map**

Description

Questions

Accuracy of Data

Information Quality (Condition 5)

The information set out in the privacy policy must be up to date, and the terms discussed in the policy should be accurate and true [52]

Q1. Is the information defined in the privacy policy up to date (are there any timestamps showing when the policy was last updated)?

Assurances

Accountability (Condition 1)

Defines the third-party laws that govern how the responsible party of the website manages and processes data and ensures that the privacy policy is constructive [6, 49]

Q2. Are the third-party laws that govern how the responsible party of the website manages and processes the data made available (are any details given about POPIA or the Information Regulator of South Africa)?

Breach Notification

Security Safeguards (Condition 7)

This is the notification guarantee that the website provides to the data subject. If any form of data breach occurs, this breach must be communicated with the data subject. The breach will also be reported to the applicable authority [7, 47]

Q3. Will the data subject be notified if a breach of personal data occurs?

Q4. Does the policy contain the steps and processes that will be followed if a breach occurs?

Q5. Will the breach be reported to the appropriate authority?

Clarity of the Privacy Policy

Openness (Condition 6)

It must be easy to comprehend and not be long and tedious, which may discourage users from reading it [37, 51]

Q6. Is the policy easy to comprehend and not long and tedious?

The FRES and FGL scores can be calculated to determine if the policy is easy to comprehend. Readable.com can be used to determine the FRES score, FGL score and word count

Cross-border data transfer and Portability

Further

Processing

Limitation

(Condition 4)

The user or data subject must be aware of any personal data or information transferred outside the original borders of consent [47, 50]

Q7. Are any details given on cross-border data transfer?

Data Collection Sources and Purpose

Processing limitation (Condition 2)

Includes the sources and purpose of collecting the data [47]. Only data that is essential for processing should be collected, and the collection volume should not exceed the privacy policy definitions [37]

Q8. Are the data collection sources and purposes defined?

Q9. Is it defined that only the data that is essential for processing is collected and that the collection volume will not exceed the privacy policy definitions?

Data Processing and Consent

Processing limitation (Condition 2)

Encompasses the requirements and purpose for data processing. The data subject must provide consent for any data that will be processed, and the type of data to be processed should be made clear in the privacy policy [47, 53]

Q10. Is consent obtained from the data subject before any data is processed?

Q11. Is the type of data that will be processed made clear in the privacy policy?

Data Retention

Purpose Specification (Condition 3)

Defines the data retention period of the processing body. The privacy policy should also provide details on when the data subject’s personal data will be deleted or removed [37]

Q12. Is the data retention period by the processing body provided?

Q13. Are details provided on when the data subject’s data will be deleted or removed?

Data Security Measures

Security Safeguards (Condition 7)

The personal information and data of the user must be protected and secured by the data operator. Personal data must also be guarded and protected when transferred [52]. The data operator should provide assurances and steps taken to protect the integrity of the data [49]

Q14. Information and data of the user must be protected and secured by the data operator, are security measures in place to protect the data?

Q15. Personal data must also be guarded and protected when transferred. The data operator should provide assurances and steps taken to protect the integrity of the data. Are these steps defined?

Disclosure of Privacy Policy

Openness (Condition 6)

It is vital for the privacy policy to be visible and openly available on the website accessed, informing the user of their rights [48]

Q16. Is the privacy policy openly available on the website?

Entity

Openness (Condition 6)

Provides information on the website, data operator and processor. In addition, the website should provide contact details on how the data subject can contact them [6]

Q17. Information about the website, data operator and processor must be provided in the privacy policy, is this information available?

Q18. Does the website provide contact details for the data subject on how to contact them?

Transparency and Ease of Access

Openness (Condition 6)

The privacy policy should be uncomplicated to find on the website, and access to the privacy policy should not be complicated or misleading [37]

Q19 Is the privacy policy easily found on the website (access to the privacy policy should not be complicated or misleading)?

This can be calculated by counting the number of clicks it takes to reach the website privacy policy

Third-Party Data Users and Disclosure of Personal Data

Further Processing Limitation (Condition 4)

If data is being shared or distributed with a third-party company, the data subject should be alerted, and consent should be obtained [47]. The roles of each third-party data user must be clearly defined [50]

Q20. If data is being shared or distributed with a third-party company, the data subject should be alerted, and consent should be obtained, is this consent mentioned or discussed in the privacy policy?

Q21. Are the roles of each third-party data user clearly defined?

User Control

Data subject participation (Condition 8)

The data subject must be able to control who accesses their data [49]. Additionally, it must be possible for data subjects to ask for their data to be deleted. Finally, the sharing and processing of their data should be controllable [7]

Q22. Can the data subject control who accesses their data?

Q23. Is it possible for the data subject to ask for their data to be deleted?

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Vorster, A., da Veiga, A. (2023). Proposed Guidelines for Website Data Privacy Policies and an Application Thereof. In: Furnell, S., Clarke, N. (eds) Human Aspects of Information Security and Assurance. HAISA 2023. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 674. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38530-8_16

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