Abstract
The migration of heavy metals and other contaminants through soil strata can lead to variable geo-environmental questions resulting in soil and groundwater contamination, which may affect the nearby land and water ecosystem. Comparative batch adsorption tests were conducted for both raw and amended clay soil. With AI, it was found that the latter shows an effective removal, i.e., above 90%. The physical and numerical modeling studies on solute transport were conducted to assess the hexavalent chromium attenuation potency of the locally obtainable amended clay soil mixed with neem (Azadiracta indica (AI)), which is used as primary liner for waste containment structures. The physical modeling performed in the laboratory in the horizontal migration tank study tends to show a similar approach with a graph plotted with the HYDRUS-3D data. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms based on the batch experiments were plotted, with the Langmuir model fitting the best (RMSE = 1.38, R2 = 0.99). Breakthrough curves predicted by the HYDRUS-3D numerical model exhibited that the liner is getting saturated after approximately 38 years.
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Abbreviations
- AAS:
-
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
- AI:
-
Azadiracta indica
- Al:
-
Aluminum
- As:
-
Arsenic
- b:
-
Constant related to the free energy of adsorption and a measure of the affinity of binding sites (L/mg)
- BOD:
-
Biochemical oxygen demand
- BTCs:
-
Breakthrough curves
- CCME:
-
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment
- Cd:
-
Cadmium
- Cl-:
-
Chlorine
- COD:
-
Chemical oxygen demand
- Cr (VI):
-
Hexavalent chromium
- Cr:
-
Chromium
- Cu:
-
Copper
- Fe:
-
Iron
- Hg:
-
Mercury
- kf :
-
Adsorbent capacity (mg/Kg)
- MDD:
-
Maximum dry density
- n:
-
Adsorbent intensity (L/mg)
- Ni:
-
Nickel
- NO3−:
-
Nitrate
- Pb:
-
Lead
- PI:
-
Plasticity index
- Qmax:
-
Maximum sorption capacity at monolayer
- R2:
-
Regression co-efficient
- RMSE:
-
Root mean square
- SO4−:
-
Sulfate
- SW:
-
Solid waste
- TDS:
-
Total dissolved solids
- Zn:
-
Zinc
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Acknowledgment
The authors express their wholehearted gratitude to the Department of Civil Engineering and Department of Earth & Environmental Studies, NIT Durgapur, and Civil Engineering Department of Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, for providing all necessary supports and assistance to carry out this research. The authors also wish to convey their sincere thanks to the Director, NIT, Durgapur, West Bengal, India, for his constant encouragement throughout the study.
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Bhadra, C., Adhikary, A., Pal, S., Adhikari, K. (2023). Modeling of Migration of Cr (VI) Contaminant Through Clay Liner Using HYDRUS-3D. In: Mazumder, D. (eds) Sustainable Advanced Technologies for Industrial Pollution Control. ATIPC 2022. Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37596-5_20
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