Abstract
The avian respiratory system is fully described from the larynx to the pneumatization of various proximate bones of the body by the different air sacs. To prominence its morphological novelty, the complexity of the lung-air sac system of birds is compared particularly with the mammalian respiratory system: together with birds, mammals are the only other endothermic-homeotherms. The evolution, the structure, and the mode of sound production (vocalization) by the syrinx are outlined. The three-tiered arrangement of the airway (bronchial) system of the avian lung is delineated, and the functional significance of the assemblage is underscored. The morphologies of the terminal respiratory units, the minuscular air- and blood capillaries, are described, and the topographical arrangement between the bronchial- and the vascular systems of the avian lung that fashion the various gas exchange designs are explained.
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Maina, J.N. (2023). Structure of the Avian Respiratory System. In: Current Perspectives on the Functional Design of the Avian Respiratory System. Zoological Monographs, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35180-8_3
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