Abstract
STI policies and practices lack coherence because they fail to recognize and support three distinct states of knowledge, their origins and their relative contributions to technological progress, despite them being clearly articulated 2,000 years ago.
I was originally supposed to become an engineer but the thought of having to expend my creative energy on things that make practical everyday life even more refined, with a loathsome capital gain as the goal, was unbearable to me.
Albert Einstein
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Notes
- 1.
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics; translated with introduction, notes and glossary by Terrance Irwin, 2019, (3rd Edition). Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.
- 2.
Product Development Managers Association (PDMA). https://www.pdma.org/default.aspx
- 3.
Bozeman, B. and Melkers, J. (2013) Evaluating R&D Impacts: Method and Practice, Springer: New York, NY.
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Kuznets, Simon (1966). Modern Economic Growth: Rate, Structure and Spread. Yale University Press, ISBN-13 # 978-0300006469.
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Lane, J.P. (2023). A – Aristotle’s Three States of Knowledge. In: The ABC's of Science, Technology & Innovation (STI) Policy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34463-3_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34463-3_1
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