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Vulnerability to Contamination of the Olón Aquifer Using the GOD Method, Olón-Ecuador

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Sustainability in Practice

Part of the book series: World Sustainability Series ((WSUSE))

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Abstract

Vulnerability is an indicator of foreseeable risks in aquifer’s quality, considering the environment and anthropogenic implications. This measure is determined by different conditions and realities of a system, such as air and water quality, economic studies, health and hygiene and landslides. Aquifers are prone to contamination by extrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting water quality. This work focuses on determining the vulnerability to contamination of the Olón aquifer, using the Groundwater Overlaying Depth (GOD) method for zoning the areas susceptible to contamination. The methodology consisted of three phases: (i) gathering of basic hydrogeological information; (ii) Application of geographic information systems according to the GOD method in the Olón aquifer; (iii) Analysis of the findings and elaboration of the vulnerability map. The results indicate that the aquifer, in its entire domain, has a high vulnerability index, mainly due to its intrinsic conditions and their relationship with anthropic activities in the sector. This methodology has made it possible to detect predominant factors that influence contamination and provides details for strategic planning of measures to be considered to preserve the resource and its nature. The extreme vulnerability near the coastline is caused by human settlement and tourist activities. This methodology made it possible to detect the predominant factors polluting the aquifer.; therefore, measures for protecting the community and its resources must be taken.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our appreciation to the project titled “Geophysical and hydrochemical characterization of the Manglaralto aquifer for the sustainability of the water resource”, code: 91870000.0000.382444, and to the project “Incidence of artificial recharge on piezometric levels and saline intrusion in the Manglaralto coastal aquifer for sustainable water management”, code: 91870000.0000.385426, and the research center CIGEO of the Santa Elena Peninsula University (UPSE) for their significant contribution to this research. We are also grateful to the project entitled “Water Sowing and Harvesting in the face of COVID-19, Manglaralto 2021” with code: PG03-PY21-03, and the project “Geodiversity Registry of geological and mining heritage and its impact on the defence and preservation of geodiversity in Ecuador” academic research project by ESPOL University under grant nos. CIPAT-01-2018, for the valuable contribution to this investigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias de La Ingeniería, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena (UPSE), La Libertad, 240204, Ecuador

    F. Javier Montalván, Idania Bailón-Piguave & Héctor Tomalá-Guale

  2. Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Higher School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán S/N, 28933, Móstoles, Spain

    F. Javier Montalván

  3. Centro de Investigación y Proyectos Aplicados a Las Ciencias de La Tierra (CIPAT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador

    Joselyne Solórzano, Emily Sánchez-Zambrano & Paul Carrión-Mero

  4. Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra (FICT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador

    Joselyne Solórzano & Paul Carrión-Mero

  5. Departamento de Ingeniería Geológica y Minera, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle de Alenza 4, 28003, Madrid, Spain

    Carolina Loor-Flores de Valgas

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  1. F. Javier Montalván
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  2. Joselyne Solórzano
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  3. Emily Sánchez-Zambrano
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  4. Idania Bailón-Piguave
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  5. Héctor Tomalá-Guale
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  6. Carolina Loor-Flores de Valgas
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  7. Paul Carrión-Mero
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Correspondence to Joselyne Solórzano .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany

    Walter Leal Filho

  2. Cidade Industrial de Curitiba, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil

    Fernanda Frankenberger

  3. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), Curitiba, Brazil

    Ubirata Tortato

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Javier Montalván, F. et al. (2023). Vulnerability to Contamination of the Olón Aquifer Using the GOD Method, Olón-Ecuador. In: Leal Filho, W., Frankenberger, F., Tortato, U. (eds) Sustainability in Practice. World Sustainability Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34436-7_31

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