Abstract
Although supervisees have a major influence on clinical supervision processes and outcomes, there is a lack of research on supervisee perspectives of clinical supervision topics. The literature that does exist can be nebulous. We conducted semi-structured interviews with six supervisees about their experience with clinical supervision. Supervisees discussed topics including the supervisory alliance, cultural competence, feedback and evaluation, and power dynamics. We connected examples from the interviews to the research literature to provide illustrative examples of important findings. Finally, we provided concrete recommendations for supervisors to help facilitate improved supervision outcomes for supervisee and supervisor alike.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander, A., & Hulse-Killacky, D. (2005). Childhood memories and receptivity to corrective feedback in group supervision: Implications for group work. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 30(1), 23–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933920590908642
American Psychological Association. (2014). Guidelines for clinical supervision in health service psychology. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/about/policy/guidelines-supervision.pdf
Beinart, H. (2014). Building and sustaining the supervisory relationship. In C. E. Watkins & D. L. Milne (Eds.), The Wiley international handbook of clinical supervision (pp. 257–281). Wiley.
Borders, L. D., Golsoff, H. L., Welfare, L. E., Hays, D. G., DeKruyf, L., Fernando, D. M., & Page, B. (2014). Best practices in clinical supervision: Evolution of a counseling specialty. The Clinical Supervisor, 33(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2014.905225
Borders, L. D., Welfare, L. E., Greason, P. B., Paladino, D. A., Mobley, A. K., Villalba, J. A., & Wester, K. L. (2012). Individual and triadic and group: Supervisee and supervisor perceptions of each modality. Counselor Education and Supervision, 51, 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2012.00021.x
Callahan, J. L., & Love, P. K. (2020). Introduction to the special issue: Supervisee perspectives of supervision processes. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 30(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000199
Callahan, J. L., Love, P. K., & Watkins, C. E., Jr. (2019). Supervisee perspectives on supervision processes: An introduction to the special issue. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 13(3), 153. https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000275
Carroll, M. (2010). Supervision: Critical reflection for transformational learning (part 2). The Clinical Supervisor, 29(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/07325221003730301
Constantine, M. G., & Sue, D. W. (2007). Perceptions of racial microaggressions among black supervisees in cross-racial dyads. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(2), 142–153.
DePue, M. K., Liu, R., Lambie, G. W., & Gonzalez, J. (2020). Examining the effects of the supervisory relationship and therapeutic alliance on client outcomes in novice therapists. Training and Education in Professional Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000320
De Stefano, J., Hutman, H., & Gazzola, N. (2017). Putting on the face: A qualitative study of power dynamics in clinical supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 36(2), 223–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2017.1295893
Falendar, C. A., Erickson Cornish, J. A., Goodyear, R., Hatcher, R., Kaslow, N. J., Leventhal, G., Shafranske, E., Sigmon, S. T., Stoltenberg, C., & Grus, C. (2004). Defining competencies in psychology supervision: A consensus statement. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(7), 771–785. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20013
Falender, C. A., Shafranske, E. P., & Ofek, A. (2014). Competent clinical supervision: Emerging effective practices. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 27(4), 393–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2014.934785
Fickling, M. J., Borders, L. D., Mobley, K. A., & Wester, K. (2017). Most and least helpful events in three supervision modalities. Counselor Education and Supervision, 56(4), 289–304. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceas.12086
Heckman-Stone, C. (2003). Trainee preferences for feedback and evaluation in clinical supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 22, 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1300/J001v22n01_03
Hird, J. S., Cavalieri, C. E., Dulko, J. P., Felice, A. A. D., & Ho, T. A. (2001). Visions and realities: Sueprvisee perspectives of multicultural supervision. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 29(2), 114–130.
Hoffman, M. A., Hill, C. E., Holmes, S. E., & Freitas, G. F. (2005). Supervisor perspective on the process and outcome of giving easy, difficult, or no feedback to supervisees. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.1.3
Jones, C. T., Welfare, L. E., Melchior, S., & Cash, R. M. (2019). Broaching as a strategy for intercultural understanding in clinical supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 38(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2018.1560384
Murphy, M. J., & Wright, D. W. (2005). Supervisees’ perspectives of power use in supervision. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 31(3), 283–295.
Olk, M. E., & Friedlander, M. L. (1992). Trainees’ experiences of role conflict and role ambiguity in supervisory relationships. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39(3), 389–397. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.39.3.389
Park, E. H., Ha, G., Lee, S., Lee, Y. Y., & Lee, S. M. (2019). Relationship between the supervisory working alliance and outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling & Development, 97(4), 437–446. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12292
Ramos-Sánchez, L., Esnil, E., Goodwin, A., Riggs, S., Touster, L. O., Wright, L. K., Ratanasiripong, P., & Rodolfa, E. (2002). Negative supervisory events: Effects on supervision and supervisory alliance. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33(2), 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.33.2.197
Shah, R., Tan, M., & Bandstra, B. S. (2014). Supervising cross-cultural topics in a clinical setting. In S. G. De Golia & K. M. Corcoran (Eds.), Supervision in psychiatric practice: Practical approaches across venues and providers (pp. 803–820). American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
Tohidian, N. B., & Quek, K. M. (2017). Processes that inform multicultural supervision: A qualitative meta-analysis. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 43(4), 573–590. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12219
Tsui, M., O’Donoghue, K., & Ng, A. K. T. (2014). Culturally competent and diversity-sensitive clinical supervision: An international perspective. In C. E. Watkins & D. L. Milne (Eds.), The Wiley international handbook of clinical supervision (pp. 238–254). Wiley.
Veilleux, J. C., Sandeen, E., & Levensky, E. (2014). Dialectical tensions supervisor attitudes and contextual influences in psychotherapy supervision. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 44(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-013-9245-9
Watkins, C. E. (2014). The supervisory alliance as quintessential integrative variable. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 44(3), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-013-9252-x
Watkins, C. E. (2019). Ruptures in the supervisory alliance. In S. G. De Golia & K. M. Corcoran (Eds.), Supervision in psychiatric practice: Practical approaches across venues and providers (pp. 713–727). American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
Watkins, C. E., Hook, J. N., Mosher, D. K., & Callahan, J. L. (2019). Humility in clinical supervision: Fundamental, foundational, and transformational. The Clinical Supervisor, 38(1), 58–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2018.1487355
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jackson, S.T., Faler, A. (2023). Supervision from the Perspective of the Supervisee. In: Terjesen, M.D., Del Vecchio, T. (eds) Handbook of Training and Supervision in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33735-2_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33735-2_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-33734-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-33735-2
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)