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Artificial Photosynthesis Using Nanotechnology

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Modern Nanotechnology

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Abstract

Photosynthesis is biochemical cascade of reactions in plants to produce glucose, the form of energy, using the raw materials water and carbon dioxide in presence of sunlight. Artificial photosynthesis is considered as a process that mimics natural photosynthesis. In this process, the solar energy is trapped into chemical fuels which are high energy compounds. This process utilises hydrogen released by splitting of water, in combination with carbon monoxide from carbon dioxide reduction. This method of converting solar light into high-energy fuel aids in the transition from a dependency on fossil and gaseous fuels to a carbon-neutral, or more specifically, a carbon-negative approach. Along with splitting water molecules producing oxygen, hydrogen released gets trapped. This makes artificial photosynthesis an ideal and possible way-out for the energy predicament, the world is facing.

Even though various methods are there to provide alternate energy, the attractive feature of artificial photosynthesis is that, it can produce methanol also as an alternate fuel along with hydrogen. Along with ability to produce liquid hydrogen fuel free of greenhouse gas emission; it also utilises carbon dioxide and water in presence of solar energy. These features protect our environment also. Cost aspect considered reveals that it is least expensive. Since this technology is amenable to modifications various strategies are on trial.

Nanoparticle techniques mimicking natural processes can be exploited in artificial photosynthesis. Because the major challenge here is lack of energy efficient catalytic systems. In addition to the existing cobalt oxide and titanium dioxide particles, recent advances in this area explore electron-rich gold nanoparticles as catalysts. Another approach to this mechanism is use of semiconducting microwires with flexible polymeric membranes. Hybrid nanoparticles, like Ag-decorated reduced titanium oxide, are another promising suggestion. Plasmonic metal nanoparticles enhance light absorption by these catalysts providing chemical reactive pathways, improving solar energy conversion. Another area that has to be looked upon to enhance artificial photosynthesis is standardisation of controlled size and form.

This chapter attempts to understand and analyse the artificial synthetic nanoparticle-biotic interface of artificial photosynthesis. The goal is to achieve high catalytic performance in hydrogen release along with oxygen evolution by creating a biomimetic system with nano techniques. The system is expected to provide cleaner environment with maximum energy production.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Mount Carmel College Autonomous, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Preetha Nair, Bannhi Das & Telphy Kuriakose

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  1. Preetha Nair
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  2. Bannhi Das
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  1. Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Junaid Ahmad Malik

  2. Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Jaffer Sadiq Mohamed

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Nair, P., Das, B., Kuriakose, T. (2023). Artificial Photosynthesis Using Nanotechnology. In: Malik, J.A., Sadiq Mohamed, M.J. (eds) Modern Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31111-6_25

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