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Removal of Radioactive Wastes Using Nanomaterial

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Modern Nanotechnology

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Abstract

Radioactivity is a silent killer; even though radiations are not visible, they are strong enough to alter a cell’s normal functioning. The extent of damage by the radiation depends on the kind of radiation and its capability of penetration. X-rays and Gamma rays have the maximum penetration, and they cause the generation of free radicals within the cells. The free radicals are responsible for causing damage to some of the essential cellular components like proteins, nucleic acid, cell membranes, etc. Even nuclear wastewater is a rich source of radioactive waste and requires special prior treatment before being released into normal water bodies. Hence radioactive wastes impart a serious threat to the environment and the health of living organisms. Nanotechnology is a branch of science showing promising solutions for various scientific challenges. There is a wide array of research in this sector wherein scientists are trying to exploit the properties of nanotechnology to address the issue of radioactive waste removal. Nanotechnology can be used in the form of magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with specific chelator molecules to sequester molecules, or they can be used in the form of carbon-based nanomaterial for the adsorption of radioactive atoms. Recently, a research showed that graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be used as smart nano-adsorbents of uranium (238U). Incorporation of ferrihydrite nanoparticles into cementitious materials can help in the immobilization of radioactive uranium and prevent its leaching by almost 50–57%. Hence, the applications of nanomaterials as magnetic nanoparticles, nano-adsorbents, etc. can be a hopeful solution to combat radioactive waste-mediated hazards in near future.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Mount Carmel College, Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Bannhi Das, Preetha Nair & Telphy Kuriakose

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  1. Bannhi Das
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  2. Preetha Nair
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  3. Telphy Kuriakose
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  1. Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Junaid Ahmad Malik

  2. Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Jaffer Sadiq Mohamed

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Das, B., Nair, P., Kuriakose, T. (2023). Removal of Radioactive Wastes Using Nanomaterial. In: Malik, J.A., Sadiq Mohamed, M.J. (eds) Modern Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31111-6_18

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