Abstract
Surface water is essential for all forms of life. Identification and calculation of water bodies can be useful in various ways like drought map**, flood map**, drinking and irrigation water analysis. This study is done for revolving the affectivity of satellite data in water spread map** and area estimation of Upper Lake and Lower Lake of Bhopal city, Madhya Pradesh. Water surface areas for 21 years from 2001 to 2021 are calculated. To calculate the water spread area of studied lakes, Landsat-7 imageries from 2001 to 2012 and Landsat-8 imageries from 2013 to 2021 were used. To calculate the area of lakes, 3 water indices namely Normalized Difference Water index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Index (MNDWI) and Water Ratio Index (WRI) used. To check the accuracy of the water index physical GPS survey has been conducted. Based on that survey, MNDWI was the most accurate method in this study. Furthermore, to detect the trend and magnitude of the trend in the water spread area Mann–Kendall and Theil’s Sen Slope Test has been used. Z-value for Upper Lake and Lower Lake was obtained as ‒3.23 and ‒3.097 respectively. Both Lake shows a decreasing trend in water surface area for study period which is significant at 10% as well as 5% level of significance. The result can be effective in water related problems like drought, flood or debris dams.
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Deoli, V., Kumar, D., Shikha, D., Saw, S., Patel, R. (2023). Map** and Trend Analysis in Water Spread Area of Upper and Lower Lakes of Bhopal, Using Remote Sensing Technique. In: Pande, C.B., Kumar, M., Kushwaha, N.L. (eds) Surface and Groundwater Resources Development and Management in Semi-arid Region. Springer Hydrogeology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29394-8_10
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