Abstract
The four AOCs examined here (Presque Isle in Erie, the Buffalo River, the Niagara River, and Toronto) provide lessons for the AOC methodological process. These AOCs address some crucial issues of urban restorations, applications of statistical analyses, and involvements of citizen advisory input. They also provide some advances in restoration techniques.
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Notes
- 1.
Environmental justice concerns the sort of environmental degradation that disproportionately and persistently affects some particular group. In particular, environmental policies that persistently and negatively impact urban or indigenous populations are often deemed “unjust.”
- 2.
See US EPA, USPC (December, 2001), Restoring United States Great Lakes Areas of Concern: Delisting Principles and Guidelines, United States Policy Committee, at www.epa.gov/great-lakes-aocs/restoring-great-lakes-areas-concern.
- 3.
See New York Department of Environmental Conservation (October 2015), Niagara River Area of Concern Beneficial Use Impairment Removal: Fish Tumors or Other Deformities. See www.epa.gov/great-lakes-aocs/niagara-river-aoc.
- 4.
Long Point is one of UNESCO’s Biosphere Reserves. On a clear day, if one stands on the Lake Erie Coastline anywhere between Buffalo and Erie, one can see Long Point stand out across the Lake.
- 5.
These studies not only applied to the Presque Isle AOC, but also to many of the other 47 listed AOCs.
- 6.
The Toronto Islands were a natural peninsula prior to a storm in 1858. This storm divided the peninsula and separated the islands from the mainland. This created a natural channel to the harbor, and also separated what is now the Islands from the mainland.
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Robinson, R.M. (2023). Some Other Important Areas of Concern and Their Analyses. In: Environmental Advocacy and Local Restorations. Environmental Politics and Theory. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28439-7_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28439-7_9
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