Abstract
We hold that the modes of obligation, in the same way as legal terms, constitute the subject matter of a legal thesaurus. Moreover, we propose to consider three more relations. These are three types of weak relations: dialectical relations, context relations and metaphorical relations. They augment the five types of strong logical relations of synonymy, semi-synonymy, antonymy, hypernymy/hyponymy and thematic relations. (A hyponym is a word or phrase whose semantic field is included within that of another word, its hypernym. For example, there is the hyponymic relationship between red and colour (see Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyponymy_and_hypernymy).) We begin with combinations of ought modes, which result in obligation, permission, liberty and vetum. Then we explore the types of norms by combining structural parts such as condition, ought, which includes subject, modus, action, and object, and also purpose (telos).
Based on Čyras and Lachmayer (2013).
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Notes
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“[E]very general norm establishes a relationship between two sets of facts, which may be described in the statement: Under certain conditions, certain consequences ought to take place. This is […] the formulation of the principle of imputation, as distinguished from the principle of causality” (Kelsen 1967), § 25, p. 101.
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Cyras, V., Lachmayer, F. (2023). Extended Legal Thesaurus: Legal Terms as a Modally Indifferent Substrate. In: Essays on the Visualisation of Legal Informatics. Law, Governance and Technology Series, vol 54. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27957-7_12
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