Zusammenfassung
Seit der Erzeugung der ersten transgenen Nutztiere ist die Technologie zur Erzeugung der Tiere und zur Kontrolle der Transgenexpression ausgereift. Anfangs behinderte das fehlende Wissen über Promotor-, Enhancer- und Kodierungsregionen von Genen, die von Interesse sind, die Bemühungen zur Schaffung von Transgenen, die in Nutztieren in geeigneter Weise exprimiert werden und für die Industrie von Nutzen sind. Es gab viele Entwicklungen in der Technologie zur Schaffung transgener Tiere, einschließlich des Klonens auf der Grundlage des somatischen Zellkerntransfers und der Genbearbeitung. In den 31 Jahren seit dem ersten Bericht über transgene Nutztiere wurde eine Reihe von potenziell nützlichen Tieren, darunter Rinder, Ziegen, Schweine und Schafe, erzeugt. Es sind jedoch noch immer keine gentechnisch veränderten tierischen Lebensmittel auf dem Markt. Es ist nicht gelungen, die Regulierungsprozesse weltweit wirksam voranzutreiben, da viele Länder eher prozess- als produktbezogene Vorschriften erlassen haben und einige Länder überhaupt keinen Regulierungsrahmen haben. Darüber hinaus besteht bei einigen Verbrauchern der Eindruck, dass die transgene Technologie potenziell schädlich ist, obwohl es zahlreiche und zunehmend gegenteilige Beweise gibt. Schätzungen gehen davon aus, dass die Welt ihre derzeitige Nahrungsmittelproduktion bis 2050 etwa verdoppeln muss, einschließlich der tierischen Nahrungsmittel. Das heißt, wir müssen jedes Jahr eine Menge an Nahrungsmitteln produzieren, die dem Verbrauch der Menschheit in den letzten 500 Jahren entspricht. Die praktischen Vorteile transgener Tiere in der Landwirtschaft haben die Verbraucher noch nicht erreicht, und da es keine vorhersehbaren, wissenschaftlich fundierten Regulierungsprogramme gibt, ist es unwahrscheinlich, dass die Vorteile kurz- bis mittelfristig zum Tragen kommen werden.
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Murray, J.D., Maga, E.A. (2023). Regulatorische Dysfunktion hemmt die Entwicklung und Anwendung von transgenen Nutztieren in der Landwirtschaft. In: Niemann, H., Wrenzycki, C. (eds) Biotechnologie bei Nutztieren 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26042-1_8
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