Abstract
This chapter provides causes, evaluation, clinical manifestations, biochemical abnormalities, and treatment of acute and chronic hypercalcemia explicitly. Discussion on topics such as primary hyperparathyroidism, milk (calcium) alkali syndrome, PTH-related peptide, malignancy and hypercalcemia, granulomatous diseases, hypercalcemia in critically ill patients, and checkpoint inhibitors and hypercalcemia is presented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Eastell R, et al. Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the Fourth International Workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:3561–9.
Wilhelm SM, Wang TS, Ruan DT, et al. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for definitive management of primary hyperparathyroidism. JAMA Surg. 2016;151:959–68.
Suggested Reading
Ashrafi F, Iraj B, Nematollahi P, et al. Pseudohypercalcemia in multiple myeloma: a case report. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res. 2017;11:246–9.
Dumitru C, Wysolmerski J. Disorders of calcium metabolism. In: Alpern RJ, Moe OW, Caplan M, editors. Seldin and Giebisch’s The Kidney. Physiology and pathophysiology. 5th ed. San Diego: Academic Press (Elsevier); 2013. p. 2273–309.
Durant E, Singh A. ST elevation due to hypercalcemia. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(7):1033.e3–6.
Goldner W. Cancer-related hypercalcemia. J Oncol Pract. 2016;12(5):426–32.
Hoorn EJ, Zietse R. Disorders of calcium and magnesium balance: a physiologybased aproach. Pediatr Nephrol. 2013;28:1195–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-012-2350-2.
Maier J, Levine S. Hypercalcemia in the intensive care unit: a review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and modern therapy. J Intensive Care Med. 2015;30(5):235–52.
Malangone S, Campen C. Hypercalcemia of malignancy. J Adv Pract Oncol. 2015;6(6):586–92.
Naffs MAB. Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP): a mini-review. Endocrinol Metab Int J. 2017;5:321–8.
Rosner MH, Dalkin AC. Onco-nephrology: the pathophysiology and treatment of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;7:1722–9.
Sharma OP. Hypercalcemia in granulomatous disorders: a clinical review. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2000;6:442–7.
Smogorzewski MJ, Stubbs JR, Yu ASL. Disorders of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate balance. In: Skorecki K, et al., editors. Brenner & Rector’s the kidney. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. p. 601–35.
Stewart AF. Hypercalcemia associated with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:373–8.
Turner J. Hypercalcaemia—presentation and management. Clin Med. 2017;17(3):270–3.
Uppal NN, Workeneh BT, Rondon-Berrios H, et al. Electrolyte and acid-base disorders associated with cancer immunotherapy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17:922–33.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reddi, A.S. (2023). Disorders of Calcium: Hypercalcemia. In: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25810-7_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25810-7_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-25809-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-25810-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)