SpringerLink
Log in

Group 15

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Principles of Inorganic Chemistry

  • 171 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter covers the elements of Group 15 (N to Bi). Many properties of these elements are tabulated. There is extensive coverage of the natural sources and preparations of these elements, their structures, properties, uses, and biological effects. Their compounds with oxygen, hydrogen, halides, and the nitrides with other elements are described in detail, as are their oxoanions and aqueous cations. The structures of their organic derivatives are discussed, and the synthesis and properties of amines and phosphanes are given in detail because these compounds are common ligands in coordination and organometallic chemistry, respectively. The coverage of these topics includes references published through to mid-2021.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
EUR 29.95
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
EUR 117.69
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
EUR 149.79
Price includes VAT (Germany)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Proctor, W. G.; Yu, F. C. Phys. Rev. 1950, 77, 717.

  2. 2.

    Proctor, W. G.; Yu, F. C. Phys. Rev. 1950, 78, 471.

  3. 3.

    De Marcillac, P.; Coron, N.; Dambier, G.; Leblanc, J.; Moalic, J.-P. Nature 2003, 422, 876.

  4. 4.

    Lin, W.; Yang, S.; Tang, C.; Chen, Y.; Ye, L. RCS Adv. 2016, 6, 49717; Ye, L.; Wen, P.; Ouyang, Z.; Hu, Y.; Tang, C.; **a, Z. JOM 2020, 72, 3513, and references therein.

  5. 5.

    Schönherr, E.; Müller, G.; Winckler, E. J. Cryst. Growth 1978, 43, 469.

  6. 6.

    Schlögl, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 2004; Marakatti, V. S.; Gaigneaux, E. M. ChemCatChem 2020, 12, 1.

  7. 7.

    Smith, C.; Hill, A. K.; Torrente-Murciano, L. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 331; Forrest, S. J. K.; Schluschass, B.; Yuzik-Klimova, E. Y.; Schneider, S. Chem. Rev. 2021, 121, 6522.

  8. 8.

    Allen, A. D.; Senoff, C. V. Chem. Commun. 1965, 621.

  9. 9.

    Harrison, D. E.; Taube, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 5706.

  10. 10.

    Harrison, D. F; Weissberger, E.; Taube, H. Science 1968, 159, 320.

  11. 11.

    Treitel, I. M.; Flood, M. T.; Marsh, R. E.; Gray, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 6512.

  12. 12.

    Fomitchev, D. V.; Bagley, K. A.; Coppens, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 532.

  13. 13.

    Schaniel, D.; Woike, T.; Delley, B.; Boskovic, C.; Güdel, H.-U. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2008, 10, 5531.

  14. 14.

    Fryzuk, M. D. Acc. Chem. Res. 2009, 42, 127, and references therein.

  15. 15.

    Evans, W. J.; Fang, M.; Zucchi, G.; Furche, F.; Ziller, J. W.; Hoekstra, R. M.; Zink, J. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 11,195; Fang, M.; Bates, J. E.; Lorenz, S. E.; Lee, D. S.; Rego, D. B.; Ziller, J. W.; Furche, F.; Evans, W. J. Inorg. Chem. 2011, 50, 1459.

  16. 16.

    Morello, L.; Ferreira, M. J.; Patrick, B. O.; Fryzuk, M. D. Inorg. Chem. 2008, 47, 1319.

  17. 17.

    Yandulov, D. V.; Schrock, R. R. Science 2003, 301, 76; Schrock, R. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2005, 38, 955.

  18. 18.

    Arashiba, K.; Miyake, Y.; Nishibayashi, Y. Nature Chem. 2011, 3, 120.

  19. 19.

    Kinney, R. A.; McNaughton, R. L.; Chin, J. M.; Schrock, R. R.; Hoffman, B. M. Inorg. Chem. 2011, 50, 418, and references therein.

  20. 20.

    Burford, R. J.; Fryzuk, M. D. Nat. Rev. Chem. 2017, 1, #0026.

  21. 21.

    Morita, A. Appl. Phys. A 1986, 39, 227, and references therein.

  22. 22.

    McMahon, M. I.; Nelmes, R. J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2006, 35, 943, and references therein.

  23. 23.

    He, L.; Lian, P.; Zhu, Y.; Lu, Q.; Wang, C.; Mei, Y. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2019, 19, 5361.

  24. 24.

    Nilges, T.; Kersting, M.; Pfeifer, T. J. Solid State Chem. 2008, 181, 1707; Kitada, S.; Shimizu, N.; Hossain, Md. Z. ACS Omega 2020, 5, 11,389.

  25. 25.

    Wang, D.; Yi, P.; Wang, L.; Zhang, L.; Li, H.; Lu, M.; **e, X.; Huang, L.; Huang, W. Front. Chem. 2019, 7, #21.

  26. 26.

    Cartz, L.; Srinivasa, S. R.; Riedner, R. J.; Jorgensen, J. D.; Worlton, T. G. J. Chem. Phys. 1979, 71, 1718; Lange, S.; Schmidt, P.; Nilges, T. Inorg. Chem. 2007, 46, 4028.

  27. 27.

    Castellanos-Gomez, A.; Vicarelli, L.; Prada, E.; Island, J. O.; Narasimha-Acharya, K. L.; Blanter, S. I.; Groenendijk, D. J.; Buscema, M.; Steele, G. A.; Alvarez, J. V.; Zandbergen, H. W.; Palacios, J. J.; Van der Zant, H. S. J. 2D Mater. 2014, 1, #025001.

  28. 28.

    Pang, J.; Bachmatiuk, A.; Yin, Y.; Trzebicka, B.; Zhao, L.; Fu, L.; Mendes, R. G.; Gemming, T.; Liu, Z.; Rummeli, M. H. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, #1702093; Li, B.; Lai, C.; Zeng, G.; Huang, D.; Qin, L.; Zhang, M.; Cheng, M.; Liu, X.; Yi, H.; Zhou, C.; Huang, F.; Liu, S.; Fu, Y. Small, 2019, 15, #1804565; Sang, D. K.; Wang, H.; Guo, Z.; **e, N.; Zhang, H. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, #1903419; Goswami, A.; Gawande, M. B. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 2019, 13, 269.

  29. 29.

    Plutnar, J.; Sofer, Z.; Pumera, M. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 8390; Hyun, C.; Kim, J. H.; Lee, J.-Y.; Lee, G.-H.; Kim, K. S. RCS Adv. 2020, 10, 350.

  30. 30.

    Roth, W. L.; DeWitt, T. W.; Smith, A. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 2881.

  31. 31.

    Hittorf, W. Ann. Phys. Chem. 1865, 126, 193.

  32. 32.

    Thurn, H.; Krebs, H. Acta Crystallogr. B 1969, 25, 125; Zhang, L.; Huang, H.; Zhang, B.; Gu, M.; Zhao, D.; Zhao, X.; Li, L.; Zhou, J.; Wu, K.; Cheng, Y.; Zhang, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 1074.

  33. 33.

    Ruck, M.; Hoppe, D.; Wahl, B.; Simon, P.; Wang, Y.; Seifert, G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 7616.

  34. 34.

    Winchester, R. A. L.; Whitby, M.; Shaffer, M. S. P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 3616; Liu, W.; Ju, S.; Yu, X. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 974, and references therein.

  35. 35.

    Simon, A.; Borrmann, H.; Horakh, J. Chem. Ber. Recueil 1997, 130, 1235.

  36. 36.

    Clark S. M.; Zang, J. M. Phys. Rev. B 2010, 82, #134111.

  37. 37.

    Hamilton, P. A.; Murrells, T. P. J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 182, and references therein.

  38. 38.

    Crossairt, B. M.; Cummins, C. C.; Head, A. R.; Lichtenberger, D. L.; Berger, R. J. F.; Hayes, S. A.; Mitzel, N. W.; Wu, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 8459.

  39. 39.

    Katsyuba, S.; Schmutzler, R. Dalton Trans. 2008, 1465.

  40. 40.

    Schoeller, W. W.; Staemmler, V.; Rademacher, P.; Niecke, E. Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4382.

  41. 41.

    Matus, M. H.; Nguyen, M. T.; Dixon, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 1726, and references therein.

  42. 42.

    Tsirelson, V. G.; Tarasova, N. P.; Bobrov, M. F.; Smetannikov, Y. V. Heteroatom Chem. 2006, 17, 572.

  43. 43.

    Peruzzini, M.; Gonsalvi, L.; Romerosa, A. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2005, 34, 1038; Caporali, M.; Gonsalvi, L.; Rossini, A.; Peruzzini, M. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 4178; Scheer, M.; Balázs, G.; Seitz, A. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 4236; Giffin, N. A.; Masuda, J. D. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2011, 255, 1342; Serrano-Ruiz, M.; Romerosa, A.; Lorenzo-Luis. P. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2014, 1587; Borger, J. E.; Ehlers, A. W.; Slootweg, J. C.; Lammertsma, K. Chem. Eur. J. 2017, 23, 11,738; Geeson, M. B.; Cummins, C. C. ACS Cent. Sci. 2020, 6, 848.

  44. 44.

    Ginsberg, A. P.; Lindsell, W. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 2082; Lindsell, W. E.; McCullough, K. J.; Welch, A. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 4487.

  45. 45.

    Modl, M.; Heinl, S.; Balázs, G.; Calvo, F. D.; Caporali, M.; Manca, G.; Keilwerth, M.; Meyer, K.; Peruzzini, M.; Scheer, M. Chem. Eur. J. 2019, 25, 6300; Hoidn, C. M.; Scott, D. J.; Wolf, R. Chem. Eur. J. 2021, 27, 1886.

  46. 46.

    Di Vaira, M.; Frediani, P.; Costantini, S. S.; Peruzzini, M.; Stoppioni, P. Dalton Trans. 2005, 2234.

  47. 47.

    Barbaro, P.; Di Vaira, M.; Peruzzini, M.; Costantini, S. S.; Stoppioni, P. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 48, 1091, and references therein.

  48. 48.

    Armstrong, K. M.; Kilian, P. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2011, 2138.

  49. 49.

    Schiferl, D.; Barrett, C. S. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1969, 2, 30.

  50. 50.

    Smith, P. M.; Leadbetter, A. J.; Apling, A. J. Philos. Mag. 1975, 31, 57.

  51. 51.

    Seidl, M.; Balázs, G.; Scheer, M. Chem. Rev. 2019, 119, 8406.

  52. 52.

    Morino, Y.; Ukaji, T.; Ito, T. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1966, 39, 64.

  53. 53.

    Eiduss, J.; Kalendarev, R.; Rodionov, A.; Sazonov, A.; Chikvaidze, G. Phys. Status Solidi B 1996, 193, 3.

  54. 54.

    Spitzer, F.; Sierka, M.; Latronico, M.; Mastrorilli, P.; Virovets, A. V.; Scheer, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 4392.

  55. 55.

    Stock, A.; Guttmann O. Ber. Deut. Chem. Ges. 1904, 37, 885.

  56. 56.

    Prins, J. A. Nature 1935, 136, 299; Delunas, A.; Aymerich, F. Phys. Status. Solidi A 1978, 46, 703.

  57. 57.

    Bostanjoglo, O.; Schlotzhauer, G. Phys. Status Solidi A 1981, 68, 555; Wu, M.; Binnemans, K.; Fransaer, J. Electrochim. Acta 2014, 147, 451.

  58. 58.

    Egan, G.; Rahn, T. T.; Rise, A. J.; Cheng, H.-Y.; Raoux, S.; Campbell, C. H.; Santala, M. K. J. Appl. Phys. 2019, 126, #105110.

  59. 59.

    Sturala, J.; Sofer, Z.; Pumera, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 7551; Ersan, F.; Kecik, D.; Özçelik, V. O.; Kadioglu, Y.; Aktürk, O. Ü.; Durgun, E.; Aktürk, E.; Ciraci, S. Appl. Phys. Rev. 2019, 6, #021308; Yuan, P.; Zhang, T.; Sun, J.; Liu, L.; Yao, Y.; Wang, Y. J. Semicond. 2020, 41, #081003; Antonatos, N.; Ghodrati, H.; Sofer, Z. Appl. Mater. Today 2020, 18, #100502.

  60. 60.

    Ivanic, J.; Schmidt, M. W.; Luke, B. J. Chem. Phys. 2012, 137, #214316, and references therein.

  61. 61.

    Tsukahara, H.; Ishida, T.; Mayumi, M. Nitric Oxide 1999, 3, 191; Neyrolles, E.; Cruz, J. L.; Bassil, G.; Contamine, F.; Cezac, P.; Arpentinier, P. Int, J. Chem. Kinet. 2020, 52, 329.

  62. 62.

    Awad, H. H.; Stanbury, D. M. Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 1993, 25, 375; Lewis, R. S.; Tannenbaum, S. R.; Deen, W. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3933; Goldstein, S.; Czapski, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 12,078, and references therein.

  63. 63.

    Dutta, A. K.; Dar, M.; Vaval, N.; Pal, S. J. Phys. Chem. A 2014, 118, 1350; Grein, F.; Mol. Phys. 2020, 118, #e160463.

  64. 64.

    Zakharov, I. I.; Minaev, B. F. J. Struct. Chem. 2012, 53, 1.

  65. 65.

    Galliker, B.; Kissner, R.; Nauser, T.; Koppenol, W. H. Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15, 6161; Mahmoudi, L.; Kissner, R.; Koppenol, W. H. Inorg. Chem. 2017, 56, 4846.

  66. 66.

    Guggenheim, E. A. Mol. Phys. 1966, 10, 401; Ibid. 1966, 11, 403.

  67. 67.

    Ford, P. C.; Miranda, K. M. Nitric Oxide 2020, 103, 31.

  68. 68.

    Palmer, R. M. J.; Ferrige, A. G.; Moncada, S. Nature, 1987, 327, 524; Ignarro, L. J.; Buga, G. M.; Wood, K. S.; Byrns, R. E.; Chaudhuri, G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1987, 84, 9265.

  69. 69.

    DeMartino, A. W.; Kim-Shapiro, D. B.; Patel, R. P.; Gladwin, M. T. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2019, 176, 228.

  70. 70.

    Bauer, S. H. Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3894.

  71. 71.

    Seifert, N. A.; Zaleski, D. P.; Fehnel, R.; Goswami, M.; Pate, B. H.; Lehmann, K. K.; Leung, H. O.; Marshall, M. D.; Stanton, J. F. J. Chem. Phys. 2017, 146, #134305.

  72. 72.

    Cohen, R. C.; Murphy, J. G. Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 4985.

  73. 73.

    Lee, Y. N.; Schwartz, S. E. J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 840.

  74. 74.

    Richardson, D.; Felgate, H.; Watmough, N.; Thomson, A.; Baggs, E. Trends in Biotech. 2009, 27, 388; Montzka, S. A.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Butler, J. H. Nature 2011, 476, 43; Frutos, O. D.; Quijano, G.; Aizpuru, A.; Moñoz, R. Biotechnol. Adv. 2018, 36, 1025.

  75. 75.

    Ravishankara, A. R.; Daniel, J. S.; Portmann, R. W. Science 2009, 326, 123; Chipperfield, M. Nat. Geosci. 2009, 2, 742; Dameris, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 489.

  76. 76.

    Hino, T.; Matsumoto, Y.; Nagano, S.; Sugimoto, H.; Fukumori, Y.; Murata, T.; Iwata, S.; Shiro, Y. Science 2010, 330, 1666.

  77. 77.

    Field, S. J.; Roldan, M. D.; Marritt, S. J.; Butt, J. N.; Richardson, D. J.; Watmough, N. J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2011, 1807, 451; Blomberg, M. R. A. Inorg. Chem. 2020, 59, 11,542.

  78. 78.

    Pauleta, S. R.; Carepo, M. S. P.; Moura, I. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2019, 387, 436.

  79. 79.

    Gorelsky, S. I.; Ghosh, S.; Solomon, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 278.

  80. 80.

    Pomowski, A.; Zumft, W. G.; Kroneck, P. M. H.; Einsle, O. Nature 2011, 477, 234.

  81. 81.

    Tolman, W. B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 1018; Lehnert, N.; Dong, H. T.; Harland, J. B.; Hunt, A. P.; White, C. J. Nat. Rev. Chem. 2018, 2, 278.

  82. 82.

    Armor, J. N.; Taube, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 6874.

  83. 83.

    Paulat, F.; Kuschel, T.; Näther, C.; Praneeth, V. K. K.; Sander, O.; Lehnert, N. Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 6979.

  84. 84.

    Piro, N. A.; Lichterman, M. F.; Harman, W. H.; Chang, C. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 2108.

  85. 85.

    Gyton, M. R.; Leforestier, B.; Chaplin, A. B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 15,295.

  86. 86.

    Mokhtarzadeh, C. C.; Chan, C.; Moore, C. E.; Rheingold, A. L.; Figueroa, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 15,003.

  87. 87.

    Brittain, A. H.; Cox, A. P.; Kuczkowski, R. L. Trans. Faraday. Soc. 1969, 65, 1963.

  88. 88.

    Simon, A.; Horakh, J.; Obermeyer, A.; Borrmann, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1992, 31, 301.

  89. 89.

    Meng, Y.; Von Dreele, R. B.; Toby, B. H.; Chow, P.; Hu, M. Y.; Shen, G.; Mao, H. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74, #214107.

  90. 90.

    Jansen, M.; Lüer, B. Z. Kristallogr. 1986, 177, 149.

  91. 91.

    Beagley, B.; Cruickshank, W. J.; Hewitt, T. G.; Haaland, A. Trans. Faraday Soc. 1967, 63, 836.

  92. 92.

    Arbib, E. H.; Elouadi, B.; Chaminade, J. P.; Darriet, J. J. Solid State Chem. 1996, 127, 350.

  93. 93.

    Stachel, D.; Svoboda, I.; Fuess, H. Acta Crystallogr. C 1995, 51, 1049.

  94. 94.

    Beagley, B.; Cruickshank, D. W. J.; Hewitt, T. G.; Jost, K. H. Trans. Faraday Soc. 1969, 65, 1219; Möbs, M.; Jansen, M. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1984, 514, 39.

  95. 95.

    Jansen, M.; Moebs, M. Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 4486.

  96. 96.

    Ballirano, P.; Maras, A. Z. Kristallogr.-New Cryst. Struct. 2002, 217, 177.

  97. 97.

    Whitten, A. E.; Dittrich, B.; Spackman, M. A.; Turner, P.; Brown, T. C. Dalton Trans. 2004, 23.

  98. 98.

    Gibbs, G. V.; Wallace, A. F.; Cox, D. F.; Dove, P. M.; Downs, R. T.; Ross, N. L.; Rosso, K. M. J. Phys. Chem. A 2009, 113, 736; Gunka, P. A.; Gontarz, Z.; Zachara, J. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, 17, 11020.

  99. 99.

    Orosel, D.; Dinnebier, R. E.; Blatov, V. A.; Jansen, M. Acta Crystallogr. B 2012, 68, 1.

  100. 100.

    Allen, J. P.; Carey, J. J.; Walsh, A.; Scanlon, D. O.; Watson, G. W. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 14759.

  101. 101.

    Malmros, G. Acta Chem. Scand. 1970, 24, 384; Harwig, H. A. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1978, 444, 151.

  102. 102.

    Hull, S.; Norberg, S. T.; Tucker, M. G.; Eriksson, S. G.; Mohn, C. E.; Stolen, S. Dalton Trans. 2009, 8737.

  103. 103.

    Radaev, S. F.; Simonov, V. I.; Kargin, Y. F. Acta Crystallogr. B 1992, 48, 604.

  104. 104.

    Weber, M.; Rodriguez, R. D.; Zahn, D. R. T.; Mehring, M. Inorg. Chem. 2018, 57, 8540.

  105. 105.

    Horowitz, H. S.; Jacobson, A. J.; Newsam, J. M.; Lewandowski, J. T.; Leonowicz, M. E. Solid State Ionics 1989, 32/33, 678.

  106. 106.

    Rudin, T.; Wegner, K.; Pratsinis, S. E. J. Nanopart. Res. 2011, 13, 2715, and references therein.

  107. 107.

    Bartoli, M.; Jagdale, P.; Tagliaferro, A. Materials 2020, 13, #5234.

  108. 108.

    Mehring, M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2007, 251, 974; Maeder, T. Int. Mater. Rev. 2013, 58, 3.

  109. 109.

    Jansen, M. Z. Naturforsch. B 1979, 34, 10.

  110. 110.

    Jansen, M. Acta Crystallogr. B 1979, 35, 539.

  111. 111.

    Jones, P. G.; Beesk, W.; Sheldrick, G. M.; Schwarzmann, E. Acta Crystallogr. B 1980, 36, 439.

  112. 112.

    Amador, J.; Gutiérrez Puebla, G.; Monge, M. A.; Rasines, I.; Ruíz Valero, C. Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 1367.

  113. 113.

    Kumada, N.; Kinomura, N.; Woodward, P. M.; Sleight, A. W. J. Solid State Chem. 1995, 116, 281.

  114. 114.

    Osawa, T.; Ruiz, P.; Delmon, B. Catal. Today 2000, 61, 309; Huang, Y.; Ruiz, P. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 22420, and references therein.

  115. 115.

    Orosel, D.; Balog, P.; Liu, H.; Qian, J.; Jansen, M. J. Solid State Chem. 2005, 178, 2602.

  116. 116.

    Kim, C.-E.; Yoo, S.-H.; Bahr, D. F.; Stampfl, C.; Soon, A. Inorg. Chem. 2017, 56, 6545.

  117. 117.

    Testemale, D.; Pokrovski, G. S.; Hazemann, J.-L. Eur. J. Mineral. 2011, 23, 379, and references therein.

  118. 118.

    Reuben, J.; Samuel, D.; Silver, B. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 3093, and references therein.

  119. 119.

    Silver, B.; Luz, B. J. Phys. Chem. 1962, 66, 1356; Viste, A.; Holm, D. A.; Wang, P. L.; Veith, G. D. Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 631, and references therein.

  120. 120.

    Carroll, R. L.; Thomas, L. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1376, and references therein.

  121. 121.

    Sernaglia, R. L.; Franco, D. W. Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 3485; Algarra, A. G.; Fernández-Trujillo, M. J.; Hernández-Molina, R.; Basallote, M. G. Dalton Trans. 2011, 40, 8589; Truzzi, D. R.; Castellano, E. E.; Franco, D. W. Polyhedron. 2017, 124, 184, and references therein.

  122. 122.

    Yakhvarov, D.; Caporali, M.; Gonsalvi, L.; Latypov, S.; Mirabello, V.; Rizvanov, I.; Sinyashin, O.; Stoppioni, P.; Peruzzini, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 5370.

  123. 123.

    Gorbachuk, E. V.; Khayarov, K. R.; Sinyashin, O. G.; Yakhvarov, D. G. Mendeleev Commun. 2014, 24, 334.

  124. 124.

    Vincze, D.; Ábrányi-Balogh, P.; Bagi, P.; Keglevich, G. Molecules 2019, 24, 3859, and references therein.

  125. 125.

    Tella, M.; Pokrovski, G. S. Chem. Geol. 2012, 292–293, 57.

  126. 126.

    Tella, M.; Pokrovski, G. S. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2009, 73, 268.

  127. 127.

    Frank, W.; Reiss, G. J.; Schneider, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1995, 34, 2416.

  128. 128.

    Näslund, J.; Persson, I.; Sandström, M. Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 4021.

  129. 129.

    Ayala, R.; Martínez, J. M.; Pappalardo, R. R.; Refson, K.; Marcos, E. S. J. Phys. Chem. A 2018, 122, 1905.

  130. 130.

    Henry, N.; Mentré, O.; Abraham, F.; Maclean, E. J.; Roussel, P. J. Solid State Chem. 2006, 179, 3087; Miersch, L.; Rüffer, T.; Schlesinger, M.; Lang, H.; Mehring, M. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 9376.

  131. 131.

    Feng, Y.; Huang, X.; Zhan, Q.; Jiang, D. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 2019, 30, 10543.

  132. 132.

    Hara, M.; Suzuki, S. J. Radioanal. Chem. 1977, 36, 95; Einkauf, J. D.; Wilcox, A. J.; Burns, J. D. Inorg. Chem. 2018, 57, 15341.

  133. 133.

    Einkauf, J. D.; Burns, J. D. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2020, 3, 1593.

  134. 134.

    Kozma, K.; Surta, T. W.; Molina, P. I.; Lyubinetsky, I.; Stoxen, W.; Byrne, N. M.; Dolgos, M.; Nyman, M. J. Solid State Chem. 2018, 263, 216, and references therein.

  135. 135.

    Postel, M.; Duñach, E. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1996, 155, 127; Suzuki, H.; Ikegami, T.; Matano, Y. Synthesis 1997, 249.

  136. 136.

    Saiduzzaman, M.; Yanagida, S.; Takei, T.; Kumada, N.; Ogawa, K.; Moriyoshi, C.; Kuroiwa, Y.; Kawaguchi, S. Inorg. Chem. 2018, 57, 8903.

  137. 137.

    Cox, D. E.; Sleight, A. W. Acta Crystallog. B 1979, 35, 1; Kennedy, B. J.; Howard, C. J.; Knight, K. S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhou, Q. Acta Crystallog. B 2006, 62, 537.

  138. 138.

    Sleight, A. W. Physica C 2015, 514, 152.

  139. 139.

    Saiduzzaman, M.; Yoshida, H.; Takei, T.; Yanagida, S.; Kumada, N.; Nagao, M.; Yamane, H.; Azuma, M.; Rubel, M. H. K.; Moriyoshi, C.; Kuroiwa, Y. Inorg. Chem. 2019, 58, 11,997.

  140. 140.

    Shang, T.; Gawryluk, D. J.; Naamneh, M.; Salman, Z.; Guguchia, Z.; Medarde, M.; Shi, M.; Plumb, N. C.; Shiroka, T. Phys. Rev. B 2020, 101, #014508, and references therein.

  141. 141.

    Meek, T. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 270, and references therein; Tudela, D. J. Chem. Educ. 2011, 88, 1456.

  142. 142.

    Dejam, A.; Hunter, C. J.; Pelletier, M. M.; Hsu, L. L.; Machado, R. F.; Shiva, S.; Power, G. G.; Kelm, M.; Gladwin, M. T.; Schechter, A. N. Blood 2005, 106, 734.

  143. 143.

    Machha, A.; Schechter, A. N. Eur. J. Nutr. 2011, 50, 293; Kevil, C. G.; Kolluru, G. K.; Pattillo, C. B.; Giordano, T. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 2011, 51, 576.

  144. 144.

    Rayson, M. S.; Mackie, J. C.; Kennedy, E. M.; Dlugogorski, B. Z. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 2178.

  145. 145.

    Demmer, C. S.; Krogsgaard-Larsen, N.; Bunch, L. Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 7981; Sevrain, C. M.; Berchel, M.; Couthon, H.; Jaffrès, P.-A. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2186.

  146. 146.

    Paiva, A. P.; Malik, P. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2004, 261, 485.

  147. 147.

    Schroeder, G. K.; Lad, C.; Wyman, P.; Williams, N. H.; Wolfenden, R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103, 4052, and references therein.

  148. 148.

    Stockbridge, R. B.; Wolfenden, R. Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 4306, and references therein.

  149. 149.

    Cini, R.; Burla, M. C.; Nunzi, A.; Polidori, G. P.; Zanazzi, P. F. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1984, 2467.

  150. 150.

    Ould-Moulaye, C. B.; Dussap, C. G.; Gros, J. B. Thermochim. Acta 2002, 387, 1; Alberty, R. A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 12324.

  151. 151.

    Mata, I.; Alkorta, I.; Molins, E.; Espinosa, E. ChemPhysChem 2012, 13, 1421.

  152. 152.

    Robinson, E. A.; Gillespie, R. J. Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 2318.

  153. 153.

    Santiago, R. T.; Haiduke, R. L. A. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 2018, 118, #e25585, and references therein.

  154. 154.

    Renaud, M. Can. J. Chem. 1969, 47, 4702.

  155. 155.

    Zurek, E.; Edwards, P. P.; Hoffmann, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 8198.

  156. 156.

    Ibberson, R. M.; Fowkes, A. J.; Rosseinsky, M. J.; David, W. I. F.; Edwards, P. P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 1435.

  157. 157.

    Lagowski, J. J. Synth. React. Inorg., Met.-Org. Nano-Met. Chem. 2007, 37, 115.

  158. 158.

    Peer, W. J.; Lagowski, J. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 6260.

  159. 159.

    Jansen, M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 1826, and references therein.

  160. 160.

    Zachwieja, U. Z. Anorg. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1993, 619, 1095.

  161. 161.

    Dietzel, P. D. C.; Jansen, M. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2208.

  162. 162.

    Ellis, J. E. Inorg. Chem. 2006, 45, 3167, 5710; Büschelberger, P.; Gärtner, D.; Reyes-Ridriguez, E.; Kreyenschmidt, F.; Koszinowski, K.; von Wangelin, A. J.; Wolf, R. Chem. Eur. J. 2017, 23, 3139.

  163. 163.

    Machado, F. B. C.; Roberto-Neto, O. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002, 352, 120, and references therein.

  164. 164.

    Song, J.-W.; Lee, H.-J.; Choi, Y.-S.; Yoon, C.-J. J. Phys. Chem. 2006, 110, 2065.

  165. 165.

    Nikhitha, P.; Saibabu, K. B. S. Chem. Eng. Technol. 2010, 33, 1543.

  166. 166.

    Jia, Z.; Margerum, D. W. Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5374.

  167. 167.

    Demaison, J.; Hegelund, F.; Bürger, H. J. Mol. Struct. 1997, 413–414, 447.

  168. 168.

    Wiberg, N.; Fischer, G.; Bachhuber, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1977, 16, 780, and references therein.

  169. 169.

    Sylwester, A. P.; Dervan, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4648.

  170. 170.

    Craig, N. C.; Appiah, K. J.; Miller, C. E.; Seiden, M. V.; Varley, J. E. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 2015, 310, 3.

  171. 171.

    Miller, C. E.; J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 254.

  172. 172.

    Buszek, K. R.; Brown, N. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3125; Marsh, B. J.; Carbery, D. R. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 3186.

  173. 173.

    Tang, H. R.; Stanbury, D. M. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 1388; Tang, H. R.; McKee, M. L.; Stanbury, D. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 8967.

  174. 174.

    Chalkley, M. J.; Drover, M. W.; Peters, J. C. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 5582; Kim, S.; Loose, F.; Chirik, P. J. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 5637.

  175. 175.

    Sokolov, A. Yu.; Schaefer, H. F., III Organometallics 2010, 29, 3271.

  176. 176.

    Tsunekawa, S. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1972, 33, 167.

  177. 177.

    Kirby, A. J.; Davies, J. E.; Brandão, T. A. S.; da Silva, P. F.; Rocha, W. R.; Nome, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 12,374.

  178. 178.

    Geissler, M.; Van Eldik, R. Polyhedron 1994, 13, 2983, and references therein.

  179. 179.

    Candlin, J. P.; Wilkins, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 1490; Littlejohn, D.; Wizansky. A. R.; Chang, S. G. Can. J. Chem. 1989, 67, 1596.

  180. 180.

    Kirby, A. J.; Davies, J. E.; Fox, D. J.; Hodgson, D. R. W.; Goeta, A. E.; Lima, M. F.; Priebe, J. P.; Santaballa, J. A.; Nome, F. Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 1302.

  181. 181.

    De Lima, G. F.; Pliego, J. R., Jr.; Duarte, H. A. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2011, 518, 61; Silva, C. M.; Dias, I. C.; Pliego, J. R., Jr. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2015, 13, 6217.

  182. 182.

    Kirby, A. J.; Tondo, D. W.; Medeiros, M.; Souza, B. S.; Priebe, J. P.; Lima, M. F.; Nome, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 2023.

  183. 183.

    Bengtsson, G.; Fronaeus, S.; Bengtsson-Kloo, L. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 2002, 2548.

  184. 184.

    Johnson, M. D.; Hornstein, B. J. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 42, 6923.

  185. 185.

    Zaleski, D. P.; Prozument, K. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2017, 680, 101.

  186. 186.

    Angeli, A. Gazz. Chim. Ital. 1896, 26, 17.

  187. 187.

    Hope, H.; Sequeira, M. R. Inorg. Chem. 1973, 12, 286.

  188. 188.

    Bonner, F. T.; Ravid, B. Inorg. Chem. 1975, 14, 558; Hughes, M. N.; Wimbledon, P. E. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1976, 703.

  189. 189.

    Bonner, F. T.; Degani, H.; Akhtar, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3739.

  190. 190.

    Shafirovich, V.; Lymar, S. V. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2002, 99, 7340; Bartberger, M. D.; Liu, W.; Ford, E.; Miranda, K. M.; Switzer, C.; Fukuto, J. M.; Farmer, P. J.; Wink, D. A.; Houk, K. N. Ibid. 2002, 99, 10,958.

  191. 191.

    Fehling, C.; Friedrichs, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 17,912; Zhang, K.; Thynell, S. T. J. Phys. Chem. A 2017, 121, 4505.

  192. 192.

    Wiberg, E.; Müller-Schiedmayer, G. Chem. Ber. 1959, 92, 2372.

  193. 193.

    D’Ulivo, A.; Dedina, J.; Mester, Z.; Sturgeon, R. E.; Wang, Q.; Wetz, B. Pure Appl. Chem. 2011, 83, 1283, and references therein.

  194. 194.

    Fujita, K.; Takada, T. Talanta 1986, 33, 203; D’Ulivo, A.; Battistini, S. S. T.; Pitzalis, E.; Zamboni, R.; Mester, Z.; Sturgeon, R. E. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 388, 783.

  195. 195.

    Jerzembeck, W.; Bürger, H.; Constantin, L.; Margulès, L.; Demaison, J.; Breidung, J.; Thiel, W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2550.

  196. 196.

    Durig, J. R.; Shen, Z.; Zhao, W. J. Mol. Struct. 1996, 375, 95, and references therein.

  197. 197.

    Baudler, M.; Glinka, K. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 1273, and references therein.

  198. 198.

    Baudler, M.; Ständeke, H.; Borgardt, M.; Strabel, H.; Dobbers, J.; Muntenbeck, H.; Schöner, Ch. P.; Faber, W.; Krause, U. M.; Kronenberg, W. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1995, 621, 1133.

  199. 199.

    Baudler M.; Glinka, K. Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 1623; Turner, A. M.; Abplanalp, M. J.; Chen, S. Y.; Chen, Y. T.; Chang, A. H. H.; Kaiser, R. I. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, 17, 27,281.

  200. 200.

    Jander, J.; Knackmuss, J.; Thiedemann, K. U. Z. Naturforsch. B 1975, 30, 464.

  201. 201.

    Tornieporth-Oetting, I.; Klapötke, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1990, 29, 677.

  202. 202.

    Edwards, A. J. J. Chem. Soc. A 1970, 2751.

  203. 203.

    Greis, O.; Martinez-Ripoll, M. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1977, 436, 105; Cheetham, A. K.; Norman, N. Acta Chem. Scand. 1974, A28, 55.

  204. 204.

    Wheeler, R. A.; Kumar, P. N. V. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4776, and references therein; Atanasov, M.; Reinen, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 6693, and references therein.

  205. 205.

    Von Benda, H. Z. Kristallogr. 1980, 151, 271.

  206. 206.

    Ruck, M. Z. Kristallogr. 1995, 210, 650.

  207. 207.

    Galal-Gorchev, H.; Morris, J. C. Inorg. Chem. 1965, 4, 899.

  208. 208.

    Inman, G. W.; LaPointe, T. F.; Johnson, J. D. Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 3037.

  209. 209.

    Heeb, M. B.; Kristiana, I.; Trogolo, D.; Arey, J. S.; von Gunter, U. Water Res. 2017, 110, 91; Wahman, D. G. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 2018, 110, E43.

  210. 210.

    Tanaka, S.; Konishi, M.; Imoto, H.; Nakamura, Y.; Ishida, M.; Furuta, H.; Naka, K. Inorg. Chem. 2020, 59, 9587.

  211. 211.

    Christe, K. O.; Dixon, D. A.; Mercier, H. P. A.; Sanders, J. C. P.; Schrobligen, G. J.; Wilson, W. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2850.

  212. 212.

    Zhang, X.; Seppelt, K. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1997, 623, 491.

  213. 213.

    Levason, W.; Light, M. E.; Maheshwari, S.; Reid, G.; Zhang, W. Dalton Trans. 2011, 40, 5291.

  214. 214.

    Küster, R.; Drews, T.; Seppelt, K. Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2784.

  215. 215.

    Giordani, M.; Grandinetti, F. J. Fluorine Chem. 2009, 130, 557.

  216. 216.

    Boshaala, A.; Simpson, S. J.; Autschbach, J.; Zheng, S. Inorg. Chem. 2008, 47, 9279, and references therein.

  217. 217.

    Mitoraj, M. P.; Michalak, A. Inorg. Chem. 2010, 49, 578, and references therein.

  218. 218.

    Mootz, D.; Wiebcke, M. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1987, 545, 39.

  219. 219.

    Köhler, J.; Simon, A.; Hoppe, R. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1989, 575, 55.

  220. 220.

    Haupt, S.; Seppelt, K. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2002, 628, 729.

  221. 221.

    Gabes, W.; Olie, K. Acta Crystallogr. B 1970, 26, 443.

  222. 222.

    Hebecker, C. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1971, 384, 111.

  223. 223.

    Popov, A. I.; Skelly, N. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 3916.

  224. 224.

    Kaupp, M.; Aubauer, C.; Engelhart, G.; Klapötke, T. M.; Malkina, O. L. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 110, 3897.

  225. 225.

    Petrov, V. A.; Marchione, A.; Marshall, W. J. Fluorine Chem. 2008, 129, 1011.

  226. 226.

    Hoffman, C. J.; Holder, B. E.; Jolly, W. L. J. Phys. Chem. 1958, 62, 364.

  227. 227.

    McLain, S. E.; Soper, A.K.; Molaison, J. J.; Benmore, C. J.; Dolgos, M. R.; Yarger, J. L.; Turner, J. F. C. J. Mol. Liquids 2007, 131–132, 239.

  228. 228.

    Culmann, J.-C.; Fauconet, M.; Jost, R.; Sommer, J. New J. Chem. 1999, 23, 863.

  229. 229.

    Mazaj, Z. J. Fluorine Chem. 2004, 125, 1723, and references therein.

  230. 230.

    Larson, E. M.; Abney, K. D.; Larson, A. C.; Eller, P. G. Acta Crystallogr. B 1991, 47, 206; Zhang, D.; Rettig, S. J.; Trotter, J.; Aubke, F. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 6113.

  231. 231.

    Bernhardt, E.; Bley, B.; Wartchow, R.; Willner, H.; Bill, E.; Kuhn, P.; Sham, I. H. T.; Bodenbinder, M.; Bröchler, R.; Aubke, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 7188.

  232. 232.

    Willner, H.; Aubke, F. Organometallics 2003, 22, 3612.

  233. 233.

    Bernhardt, E.; Bach, C.; Bley, B.; Wartchow, R.; Westphal, U.; Sham, I. H. T.; von Ahsen, B.; Wang, C.; Willner, H.; Thompson, R. C.; Aubke, F. Inorg. Chem. 2005, 44, 4189.

  234. 234.

    Gonsior, M.; Müller, L.; Krossing, I. Chem. Eur. J. 2006, 12, 5815.

  235. 235.

    Robertson, E. G.; McNaughton, D. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 642.

  236. 236.

    Olie, K. Acta Crystallogr. B 1971, 27, 1459.

  237. 237.

    Haupt, S.; Seppelt, K. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2000, 626, 1778.

  238. 238.

    Feller, M.; Lux, K.; Kornath, A. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2014, 640, 53.

  239. 239.

    Straub, D. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 889; See, R. F. J. Chem. Educ. 2009, 86, 1241.

  240. 240.

    Wilkins, C. J.; Hagen, K.; Hedberg, L.; Shen, Q.; Hedberg, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 6352; Engelhardt, L. M.; Raston, C. L.; Whitaker, C. R.; White, A. H. Aust. J. Chem. 1986, 39, 2151.

  241. 241.

    Hinchley, S. L.; Haddow, M. F.; Rankin, D. W. H. Dalton Trans. 2004, 384.

  242. 242.

    Mazhar-Ul-Haque; Caughlan, C. N. Acta Crystallogr. B 1970, 26, 1528, and references therein.

  243. 243.

    Haaland, A.; Thomassen, H.; Stenstrøm, Y. J. Mol. Struct. 1991, 263, 299.

  244. 244.

    Chesnut, D. B. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 4307; Love, I. J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 10507; Yang, T.; Andrada, D. M.; Frenking, G. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2018, 20, 11856.

  245. 245.

    Seppelt, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1976, 15, 766.

  246. 246.

    Fox, W. B.; MacKenzie, J. S.; Vanderkooi, N.; Sukornick, B.; Wamser, C. A.; Holmes, J. R.; Eibeck, R. E.; Stewart, B. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 2604.

  247. 247.

    Christe, K. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 6136.

  248. 248.

    Vasiliu, M.; Trabelsi, T.; Francisco, J. S.; Christe, K. O.; Dixon, D. A. J. Phys. Chem. A 2020, 124, 5237.

  249. 249.

    Wilson, R. D.; Maya, W.; Pilipovich, D.; Christe, K. O. Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 1355; Gupta, O. D.; Shreeve, J. M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 2799, and references therein.

  250. 250.

    Lockhart, J. C. Chem. Rev. 1965, 65, 131; Ibid. Redistribution Reactions; Academic Press: New York, 1970.

  251. 251.

    Marcus, Y.; Eliezer, I. J. Phys. Chem. 1962, 66, 1661.

  252. 252.

    Jordan, A. D.; Cavell, R. G. Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 564.

  253. 253.

    Leipert, T. K.; Freeman, W. J.; Noggle, J. H. J. Chem. Phys. 1975, 63, 4177.

  254. 254.

    Grantham, L. F.; Moser, H. C. J. Phys. Chem. 1962, 66, 863.

  255. 255.

    Cox, R. H.; Newton, M. G.; Campbell, B. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 528.

  256. 256.

    Hägele, G.; Kückelhaus, W.; Tossing, G.; Seega, J.; Harris, R. K.; Creswell, C. J.; Jageland, P. T. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1987, 795.

  257. 257.

    Renard, S. L.; Fisher, J.; Kilner, C. A.; Thornton-Pratt, M.; Kee, T. P. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 2002, 2921.

  258. 258.

    Norton, E. L.; Szekely, K. L. S.; Dube, J. W.; Bomben, P. G.; Macdonald, C. L. B. Inorg. Chem. 2008, 47, 1196.

  259. 259.

    Dillon, K. B.; Monks, P. K. Dalton Trans. 2007, 1420.

  260. 260.

    Dube, J. W.; Farrar, G. J.; Norton, E. L.; Szekely, K. L. S.; Cooper, B. F. T.; Macdonald, C. L. B. Organometallics 2009, 28, 4377.

  261. 261.

    Ellis, B. D.; Macdonald, C. L. B. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2009, 253, 2783; Gudat, D. Acc. Chem. Res. 2010, 43, 1307; Dionisi, E. M.; Binder, J. F.; LaFortune J. H. W.; Macdonald, C. L. B. Dalton Trans. 2020, 49, 12115.

  262. 262.

    Gregory, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 215, 301.

  263. 263.

    Fischer, D.; Jansen, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1755; Fischer, D.; Cancarevic, Z.; Schön, J. C.; Jansen, M. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2004, 630, 156.

  264. 264.

    Vajenine, G. V. Inorg. Chem. 2007, 46, 5146.

  265. 265.

    Sardar, K.; Dan, M.; Schwenzer, B.; Rao, C. N. R. J. Mater. Chem. 2005, 15, 2175.

  266. 266.

    Karaballi, R. A.; Monfared, Y. E.; Dasog, M. Chem. Eur. J. 2020, 26, 8499; Ashraf, I.; Rizwan, S.; Iqbal, M. Front. Mater. 2020, 7, #00181.

  267. 267.

    Song, B.; Chen, X.; Han, J.; Jian, J.; Wang, W.; Zuo, H.; Zhang, X.; Meng, S. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 48, 10,519.

  268. 268.

    Petzow, G.; Herrmann, M. Structure and Bonding 2002, 102, 47.

  269. 269.

    Xu, B.; Dong, J.; McMillan, P. F.; Shebanova, O.; Salamat, A. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84, #014113, and references therein.

  270. 270.

    Rabenau, A.; Schulz, H. J. Less-Common Metals 1976, 50, 155.

  271. 271.

    Yang, P.; Fun, H. K.; Abrahman, I.; Saleh, M. I. Ceramics International 1995, 21, 137.

  272. 272.

    Wyckoff, R. W. G. Crystal Structures, 2nd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1963, Vol. 1, p 86.

  273. 273.

    Sumimoto, M.; Yokogawa, D.; Komeda, M.; Yamamoto, H.; Hori, K.; Fujimoto, H. Spectrochim. Acta A 2011, 81, 653; Munshi, M. U.; Berden, G.; Martens, J.; Oomens, J. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2017, 19, 19,881.

  274. 274.

    Hoefnagel, A. J.; Hoefnagel, M. A.; Wepster, B. M. J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 4209.

  275. 275.

    Brabant, C.; Hubert, J.; Beauchamp, A. L. Can. J. Chem. 1973, 51, 2952.

  276. 276.

    Schröder, G.; Okinaka, T.; Mimura, Y.; Watanabe, M.; Matsuzaki, T.; Hasuoka, A.; Yamamoto, Y.; Matsukawa, S.; Akiba, K. Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 2517.

  277. 277.

    Lindquist-Kleissler, B.; Weng, M.; Le Magueres, P.; George, G. N.; Johnstone, T. C. Inorg. Chem. 2021, 60, 8566.

  278. 278.

    Cowley, A. H.; Mills, J. L.; Loehr, T. M.; Long, T. V., II J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 2150.

  279. 279.

    Neumüller, B.; Dehnicke, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1726; Silvestru, C.; Breunig, H. J.; Althaus, H. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 3277.

  280. 280.

    Conradie, J.; Ghosh, A. ChemistryOpen 2017, 6, 15, and references therein.

  281. 281.

    Couz**, E. P. A.; Slootweg, J. C.; Ehlers, A. W.; Lammertsma, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 18,127, and references therein; Moberg, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 10,290.

  282. 282.

    García-Monforte, M. A.; Alonso, P. J.; Ara, I.; Menjón, B.; Romero, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 2754.

  283. 283.

    Snelders, D. J. M.; van Koten, G.; Gebbink, R. J. M. K. Chem. Eur. J. 2011, 17, 42, and references therein.

  284. 284.

    Stewart, B.; Harriman, A.; Higham, L. J. Organometallics 2011, 30, 5338.

  285. 285.

    Longwitz, L.; Werner, T. Pure Appl. Chem. 2019, 91, 95.

  286. 286.

    Guo, H.; Fan, Y. C.; Sun, Z.; Wu, Y.; Kwon, O. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118, 10,049.

  287. 287.

    Strohmeier, W.; Müller, F.-J. Chem. Ber. 1967, 100, 2812; Tolman, C. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2953.

  288. 288.

    Bartik, T.; Himmler, T.; Schulte, H.-G.; Seevogel, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1984, 272, 29.

  289. 289.

    Tolman, C. A. Chem. Rev. 1977, 77, 313, and references therein.

  290. 290.

    Rahman, Md. M.; Liu, H.-Y.; Eriks, K.; Prock, A.; Giering, W. P. Organometallics 1989, 8, 1.

  291. 291.

    Streuli, C. A. Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 985; Streitwieser, A.; McKeown, A. E.; Hasanayn, F.; Davis, N. R. Org. Letts. 2005, 7, 1259; Li, T.; Lough, A. J.; Morris, R. H. Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 3796.

  292. 292.

    Adams, D. J.; Bennett, J. A.; Duncan, D.; Hope, E. G.; Hopewell, J.; Stuart, A. M.; West, A. J. Polyhedron 2007, 26, 1505; Muller, A.; Otto, S.; Roodt, A. Dalton Trans. 2008, 650; Banger, K. K.; Bridson, A. K.; Herbert, C. J.; Ghaba, H. A.; Tidmarsh, I. S. J. Fluorine Chem. 2009, 130, 1117.

  293. 293.

    The parameters and sample analyses are given at www.bu.edu/qale.

  294. 294.

    Chen, L.; Pöe, A. J. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1995, 143, 265; Bunten, K. A.; Chen, L.; Fernandez, A. L.; Pöe, A. J. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2002, 233–234, 41; Babij, C.; Pöe, A. J. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2004, 17, 162.

  295. 295.

    Kühl, O. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2005, 249, 693.

  296. 296.

    Jover, J.; Cirera, J. Dalton Trans. 2019, 48, 15036, and references therein.

  297. 297.

    Jover, J.; Fey, N.; Harvey, J. N.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C.; Orpen, A. G.; Owen-Smith, G. J. J.; Murray, P.; Hose, D. R. J.; Osborne, R.; Purdie, M. Organometallics 2012, 31, 5302; Durand, D. J.; Fey, N. Chem. Rev. 2019, 119, 6561, and references therein.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Robert B. Jordan

Authors
  1. Robert B. Jordan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert B. Jordan .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Jordan, R.B. (2024). Group 15. In: Principles of Inorganic Chemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22926-8_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation