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Police and Protestors: Motives and Responses

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Abstract

This chapter examines the law and human rights relating to public protests based on international instruments and discussion around coverage of the law in different countries, especially Australia, and permission to hold public protests on specific routes. It then explores police training in the policing of public protests; ‘public order’ training and human rights awareness training. From training, the police approach towards public protests is analysed, looking at policy, practices, and procedures and police officers’ cultural beliefs along with corporate, team, and personal issues. Generalised information on police strategy, tactics, and operations in managing public protest incidents is discussed and then recent case study events that have changed the historical perspective and have amended the activities of protestors and police. The chapter studies human rights infringements, cause celebres, and technological impacts of police tactics along with generic information on evidence gathering and Intelligence gathering on public protests and what happens to data gathered by police.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    R v. The Chief Constable of Devon and Cornwall ex parte The Central Electricity Generating Board. [1981] 3 All ER 826.

  2. 2.

    Walker v. Baird [1882] AC491: 18–21, 34.

  3. 3.

    Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950.

  4. 4.

    ‘Proportionality’ meaning: Proportionality requires public authorities to take only such measures that are strictly necessary to achieve the required objective (Beckley, <CitationRef CitationID="CR9" >2000</Citation Ref>:47).

  5. 5.

    Adali v. Turkey App 38,187/97 judgement of 31 March 2005.

  6. 6.

    For example: New South Wales Government Public Health (COVID-19 Restrictions on Gathering and Movement) Order (No. 4) 2020.

  7. 7.

    See: http://blacklivesmatter.com

  8. 8.

    Second Amendment to the US Constitution: ‘A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed’.

  9. 9.

    Association of Chief Police Officers. (2003). Manual of Guidance for Kee** the Peace, London: Association of Chief Police Officers.

  10. 10.

    Better known as: Measures to Prevent and Control Violence and Disturbances in Connection with Football Matches with an International Dimension (2006).

  11. 11.

    There is a competency framework for managing incidents in Australia. See: Commonwealth of Australia 2007. PUA00 Public Safety Training Package Version 6. Training in Australia (PUAPOL025B – Manage Incident Scenes).

  12. 12.

    See: Chapman, R.A. (1995). The first Nolan Report on Standards in Public Life. Teaching Public Administration. Autumn 1995. Vol. XV, No. 2. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/014473949501500201

  13. 13.

    CS spray = a gas causing tears, salivation, and painful breathing, used in civil disturbances; ortho-chlorobenzal malononitrile. Formula: C6H4ClCH:C(CN)2, AKA: C20: from the surname initials of its US inventors, Ben Carson and Roger Staughton

  14. 14.

    Kettling was reportedly first used by police as a tactic against protesters in the anti-globalisation protests in 2001, Oxford Street, London (Dodd, 2011).

  15. 15.

    Austin v. Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2009] 1 A.C. 564, Austin (2012) 55 EHRR 14.

  16. 16.

    Austin and Others v. the United Kingdom [GC] – 3962/09, 40,713/09 and 41,008/09. Judgment 15.3.2012 [GC].

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  1. University of Technology in Sydney, Branxton, NSW, Australia

    Alan Beckley

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  1. Pace University, New York, NY, USA

    James F. Albrecht

  2. Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Garth den Heyer

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Beckley, A. (2023). Police and Protestors: Motives and Responses. In: Albrecht, J.F., den Heyer, G. (eds) Police Use of Force. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22705-9_8

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