Abstract
The EU-funded PreMa project investigated the potential for a preheating stage to reduce the electrical energy requirement and CO2 emissions produced during the production of high-carbon ferromanganese in a submerged arc furnace. Pilot-scale test work was conducted at Mintek in South Africa to demonstrate the potential effect of preheating on furnace operation. The A 300 kVA AC-furnace facility at Mintek was upgraded extensively for this purpose. The paper reports on the lessons learnt from the pilot-scale test work.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Matinde E, Steenkamp JD (2021) Metallurgical overview and production of slags. In: Environmental geochemistry of metallurgical slags. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (Online). Available: https://doi.org/10.1039/9781839164576-00014
ASTM-A99, Standard specification for ferromanganese. West Conshohocken, 2003: ASTM international, 2009 (Online). Available: www.astm.org
Tangstad M, Ichihara K, Ringdalen E (2015) Pretreatment unit in ferromanganese production. In: Energy efficiency and environmental friendliness are the future of the global Ferroalloy industry, Kiev, Ukraine, pp 99–106 (Online). Available: http://pyro.co.za/InfaconXIV/099-Tangstad.pdf
Ringdalen E, Gjøvik JE, Larssen TA, Tangstad M (2021) Pretreatment of manganese ores in different gas-atmospheres-a method to reduce energy consumption and Co2 emissions in Mn-Alloy production, Trondheim Norway. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3930059
Lagendijk H, Xakalashe B, Ligege T, Ntikang P, Bisaka K (2010) Comparing manganese ferroalloy smelting in pilot-scale AC and DC submerged-arc furnaces. In: Infacon XII: sustainable future, Helsinki, Finland, pp 497–508
Hearn AM, Dzermejko AJ, Lamont PH (1998) ‘Freeze’ lining concepts for improving submerged arc furnace lining life and performance. In: 8th international ferroalloys congress, Bei**g, China, pp 401–426
Hearn AM, Van Rensburg ASJ, Henning JR (2004) ‘Freeze’ lining on M12 furnace: motivation, installation and operation. In: INFACON X: transformation through technology, Cape Town, pp 500–507
Steenkamp JD, Denton GM, Hayman DA (2017) Insulating or conductive lining designs for electric furnace smelting? In: Applications of process engineering principles in materials processing, energy and environmental technologies: a symposium in honor of professor Ramana G. Reddy, San Diego, pp 209–220
Brun H (1982) Development of refractory linings for electric reduction furnaces producing Mn alloys at Elkem A/S-PEA plant, Porsgrunn, Norway. J Inst Refract Eng, pp 12–23
Muller J, Coetsee T, Groenewald JA, Du Toit AA, Zeelie D (2015) The AlloyStream process for HCFeMn production. In: INFACON XIV, Kiev, Ukraine, pp 91–98
Steenkamp JD, Pistorius PC, Tangstad M (2015) Chemical wear analysis of a tap-hole on a SiMn production furnace. J Southern Afr Inst Min Metall 115(3):199–208
Banda WK, Steenkamp JD, Matinde E (2020) An investigation into the wear mechanisms of carbon- and silicon carbide-based refractory materials by silicomanganese alloy. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 120(5)
Acknowledgements
The PreMa project is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 820561 and industry partners: Transalloys, Eramet, Ferroglobe, OFZ, and Outotec. The paper is published with permission from Mintek.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Moholwa, M.S., Tsebe, S.P., Hayman, D.A., Bezuidenhout, P.J.A., Sitefane, M.B., Steenkamp, J.D. (2023). Effect of Ore Pre-heating on Furnace Operation in High Carbon Ferromanganese Production—Lessons Learnt from Pilot-Scale Test Work. In: Fleuriault, C., et al. Advances in Pyrometallurgy. TMS 2023. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22634-2_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22634-2_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-22633-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-22634-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)