Abstract
Recent studies using HR-TEM, (High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy) at BCAST, Brunel University, London, on the mechanism of nucleation of aaluminium on TiB2 in commercial high-efficiency grain refiners have shown that efficiency as measured by the Opticast Nucleation test can be directly related to the extent to which the TiB2 particles have successfully formed a monoatomic layer of TiAl3 on their basal plane. This factor was found to be predominant over other factors such as particle size distribution and average particle size. As a result of this research, it is now possible to produce a range of ultra-high efficiency grain refiners which enable addition rates to be further reduced to levels as low as 0.15 kg/t resulting in higher cost savings and the particle count being significantly reduced in the liquid metal leading to as cast metal quality being improved.
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Courtenay, J., Wang, Y. (2023). Recent Studies Using HR-TEM on the Fundamental Mechanism of Nucleation of a-Aluminum on TiB2 in TiB D High-Efficiency Grain Refiners. In: Broek, S. (eds) Light Metals 2023. TMS 2023. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22532-1_129
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